The introduction of a rubidium fluoride post deposition treatment (RbF-PDT) for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber layers has led to a record efficiency up to 22.6% for thin-film solar cell technology. In the present work, high efficiency CIGS samples with RbF-PDT have been investigated by atom probe tomography (APT) to reveal the atomic distribution of all alkali elements present in CIGS layers and compared with non-treated samples. A Scanning Electron Microscopy Dual beam station (Focused Ion Beam–Gas Injection System) as well as Transmission Kikuchi diffraction is used for atom probe sample preparation and localization of the grain boundaries (GBs) in the area of interest. The analysis of the 3D atomic scale APT reconstructions of CIGS samples with RbF-PDT shows that inside grains, Rb is under the detection limit, but the Na concentration is enhanced as compared to the reference sample without Rb. At the GBs, a high concentration of Rb reaching 1.5 at. % was found, and Na and K (diffusing from the glass subs...

中文翻译：

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高效Cu(In,Ga)Se2薄膜太阳能电池原子级铷分布

为 Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) 吸收层引入氟化铷后沉积处理 (RbF-PDT) 已使薄膜太阳能电池技术的效率达到创纪录的 22.6%。在目前的工作中，通过原子探针断层扫描 (APT) 研究了具有 RbF-PDT 的高效 CIGS 样品，以揭示 CIGS 层中存在的所有碱元素的原子分布，并与未处理的样品进行比较。扫描电子显微镜双光束站（聚焦离子束-气体注入系统）以及透射菊池衍射用于原子探针样品制备和目标区域中晶界 (GB) 的定位。用 RbF-PDT 对 CIGS 样品进行 3D 原子尺度 APT 重建的分析表明，在晶粒内部，Rb 低于检测限，但与不含 Rb 的参考样品相比，Na 浓度有所提高。在 GB 处，高浓度的 Rb 达到 1.5 at。% 被发现，Na 和 K（从玻璃基板扩散...