Lies spread faster than the truth There is worldwide concern over false news and the possibility that it can influence political, economic, and social well-being. To understand how false news spreads, Vosoughi et al. used a data set of rumor cascades on Twitter from 2006 to 2017. About 126,000 rumors were spread by ∼3 million people. False news reached more people than the truth; the top 1% of false news cascades diffused to between 1000 and 100,000 people, whereas the truth rarely diffused to more than 1000 people. Falsehood also diffused faster than the truth. The degree of novelty and the emotional reactions of recipients may be responsible for the differences observed. Science, this issue p. 1146 A large-scale analysis of tweets reveals that false rumors spread further and faster than the truth. We investigated the differential diffusion of all of the verified true and false news stories distributed on Twitter from 2006 to 2017. The data comprise ~126,000 stories tweeted by ~3 million people more than 4.5 million times. We classified news as true or false using information from six independent fact-checking organizations that exhibited 95 to 98% agreement on the classifications. Falsehood diffused significantly farther, faster, deeper, and more broadly than the truth in all categories of information, and the effects were more pronounced for false political news than for false news about terrorism, natural disasters, science, urban legends, or financial information. We found that false news was more novel than true news, which suggests that people were more likely to share novel information. Whereas false stories inspired fear, disgust, and surprise in replies, true stories inspired anticipation, sadness, joy, and trust. Contrary to conventional wisdom, robots accelerated the spread of true and false news at the same rate, implying that false news spreads more than the truth because humans, not robots, are more likely to spread it.

中文翻译：

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网上真假新闻的传播

谎言比真相传播得更快 假新闻及其影响政治、经济和社会福祉的可能性引起了全世界的关注。为了了解虚假新闻是如何传播的，Vosoughi 等人。使用了 2006 年至 2017 年 Twitter 上的谣言级联数据集。大约 300 万人传播了大约 126,000 条谣言。假新闻比真相更能传达给人们；前 1% 的虚假新闻传播到 1000 到 100,000 人之间，而真相很少传播到超过 1000 人。谎言也比真相传播得更快。新奇程度和接受者的情绪反应可能是造成观察到的差异的原因。科学，这个问题 p。1146 对推文的大规模分析表明，虚假谣言比真相传播得更远、更快。我们调查了 2006 年至 2017 年在 Twitter 上发布的所有经过验证的真假新闻故事的差异传播。数据包括约 300 万人在推特上发布的约 126,000 个故事，次数超过 450 万次。我们使用来自六个独立事实核查组织的信息将新闻分类为真假，这些组织对分类的一致性为 95% 到 98%。在所有类别的信息中，虚假信息比真相传播得更远、更快、更深入、更广泛，而且虚假政治新闻的影响比有关恐怖主义、自然灾害、科学、都市传说或金融信息的虚假新闻更为明显。我们发现虚假新闻比真实新闻更新颖，这表明人们更有可能分享新颖的信息。而虚假的故事会激起恐惧、厌恶，和惊喜的答复，真实的故事激发了期待、悲伤、喜悦和信任。与传统观点相反，机器人以相同的速度加速了真假新闻的传播，这意味着假新闻比真相传播得更多，因为人类而不是机器人更有可能传播它。