Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes show exceptional permeation properties of key importance for many separations. However, their design and development need ultrathin and defect-free nanofilms as the active layer to alleviate the bottleneck of permeation–rejection trade-off. Here, a 25 nm thick film is fabricated on a porous support by introducing polydopamine (PDA) as an adsorption layer, imparting a unique adsorption-assisted interfacial polymerization (IP) strategy. The PDA layer efficiently captures and enriches amine monomers even from ultradilute solution toward uniform stacking on the support, thus generating ultrathin and defect-free films after polymerization. This is superior to the defective one from conventional IP. Such an active layer features ultrafast permeation for organics, favorable solute rejection, and excellent operation stability. Particularly, the acetone permeance of this new TFC membrane reaches 96.3 L m^–2 h^–1 bar^–1, which exceeds that from conventional IP by more than 10 times, ranking among one of the highest performances reported to date. More significantly, the pernicious permeation–rejection trade-off of the TFC membrane is thus alleviated. Besides, this strategy is facile, versatile, and easy to scale-up, giving controllable physical and chemical structures to the active layer. This study may pave a way to well-design highly efficient film materials for various transport and separation applications.

中文翻译：

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面向超薄活性层的吸附辅助界面聚合，可实现超快的有机渗透

薄膜复合（TFC）膜显示出优异的渗透性能，这对许多分离至关重要。然而，他们的设计和开发需要超薄且无缺陷的纳米膜作为活性层，以减轻渗透-排斥折衷的瓶颈。在这里，通过引入聚多巴胺（PDA）作为吸附层，并赋予独特的吸附辅助界面聚合（IP）策略，在多孔载体上制备了25 nm厚的膜。PDA层甚至可以从超稀溶液有效捕获并富集胺单体，使其均匀地堆积在载体上，从而在聚合后生成超薄且无缺陷的薄膜。这优于传统IP的缺陷。这种活性层具有超快的有机物渗透性，良好的溶质截留，以及出色的操作稳定性。特别是，这种新型TFC膜的丙酮渗透率达到96.3 L m^–2 h ^–1 bar ^–1，比传统IP的性能高出10倍以上，是迄今为止报告的最高性能之一。更重要的是，TFC膜的有害渗透-排斥折衷得到了缓解。此外，该策略简便，通用且易于扩展，从而为有源层提供了可控的物理和化学结构。这项研究可能为精心设计用于各种运输和分离应用的高效薄膜材料铺平了道路。