Chemical foaming of organic/silica hybrid materials is performed directly via simultaneous cationic polymerization of the organic carbonates difurfurylcarbonate (DFC), bis(m-methoxybenzyl) carbonate (mC) and bis(p-methoxybenzyl) carbonate (pC) with the twin monomers tetrafurfuryloxysilane (TFOS) and 2,2′-spirobi[4H-1,3,2-benzodioxasiline] (Spiro), respectively. Overall, carbon dioxide gas, the organic resin and silica are produced via step growth polymerization processes, which take place at the same time in the melt of the reactants. The simultaneous polymer formation is ensured because both the polymerizable organic fragments of the twin monomers (TFOS or Spiro) and the corresponding organic carbonate have almost the same aromatic reactivity and thus a homo- or a copolymer is generated. An appropriate surfactant assists the foaming process due to stabilization of the released carbon dioxide bubbles, which forms a macro- and micro-cellular structure. A typical nano-structure, which is known in twin polymerization, is embedded in the foam walls. Consequently, if the chemical transformation of the foamed hybrid materials in silica or carbon foams is performed, micro- and mesopores in the foam walls are achieved. Thus, the fabricated foams have a hierarchically structured pore network.

中文翻译：

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通过化学发泡形成层次结构的碳和二氧化硅†

化学的有机/二氧化硅杂化材料发泡直接执行经由所述有机碳酸酯difurfurylcarbonate（同时阳离子聚合DFC），双（米甲氧基苄基）碳酸酯（米Ç）和双（p甲氧基苄基）碳酸酯（p C ^）与双分别为四糠基氧基硅烷（TFOS）和2,2'-spirobi [4 H -1,3,2-苯并二恶唑啉]（Spiro）。总体而言，二氧化碳气体，有机树脂和二氧化硅是通过步骤生长聚合过程，该过程同时在反应物的熔体中进行。由于双单体（TFOS或Spiro）的两个可聚合有机片段，可确保同时形成聚合物）和相应的有机碳酸酯具有几乎相同的芳族反应性，因此生成均聚物或共聚物。适当的表面活性剂由于释放的二氧化碳气泡稳定而有助于发泡过程，从而形成大孔和微孔结构。在双聚合中已知的典型的纳米结构被嵌入泡沫壁中。因此，如果对二氧化硅或碳泡沫中的泡沫杂化材料进行化学转化，则可在泡沫壁中获得微孔和中孔。因此，制成的泡沫具有分层结构的孔网络。