ABSTRACT Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an uncommon, almost universally fatal, asbestos‐induced malignancy. New and effective strategies for diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment are urgently needed. Herein we review the advances in MPM achieved in 2017. Whereas recent epidemiological data demonstrated that the incidence of MPM‐related death continued to increase in United States between 2009 and 2015, new insight into the molecular pathogenesis and the immunological tumor microenvironment of MPM, for example, regarding the role of BRCA1 associated protein 1 and the expression programmed death receptor ligand 1, are highlighting new potential therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, there continues to be an ever‐expanding number of clinical studies investigating systemic therapies for MPM. These trials are primarily focused on immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in combination with other immunotherapies and nonimmunotherapies. In addition, other promising targeted therapies, including pegylated adenosine deiminase (ADI‐PEG20), which focuses on argininosuccinate synthase 1–deficient tumors, and tazemetostat, an enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit inhibitor of BRCA1 associated protein 1 gene (BAP1)‐deficient tumors, are currently being explored.

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最新进展：2017 年恶性胸膜间皮瘤研究进展

摘要 恶性胸膜间皮瘤 (MPM) 是一种罕见的、几乎普遍致命的石棉引起的恶性肿瘤。迫切需要新的有效的诊断、预后和治疗策略。在此，我们回顾了 2017 年 MPM 取得的进展。尽管最近的流行病学数据表明，2009 年至 2015 年美国 MPM 相关死亡的发生率持续增加，但对 MPM 的分子发病机制和免疫肿瘤微环境的新见解，对于例如，关于 BRCA1 相关蛋白 1 和表达程序性死亡受体配体 1 的作用，正在突出新的潜在治疗策略。此外，越来越多的临床研究调查 MPM 的全身治疗。这些试验主要侧重于单独使用免疫检查点抑制剂或与其他免疫疗法和非免疫疗法联合使用的免疫疗法。此外，其他有前景的靶向疗法，包括聚乙二醇化腺苷脱亚胺酶 (ADI-PEG20)，专注于精氨琥珀酸合酶 1 缺陷型肿瘤，以及 tazemetostat，BRCA1 相关蛋白 1 基因 (BAP1) 的 zeste 2 多梳抑制复合物 2 亚基抑制剂的增强剂)-缺陷的肿瘤，目前正在探索中。