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Human hippocampal neurogenesis drops sharply in children to undetectable levels in adults
Nature ( IF 64.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-01 , DOI: 10.1038/nature25975
Shawn F Sorrells 1, 2 , Mercedes F Paredes 1, 3 , Arantxa Cebrian-Silla 4 , Kadellyn Sandoval 1, 3 , Dashi Qi 5 , Kevin W Kelley 1 , David James 1 , Simone Mayer 1, 3 , Julia Chang 6 , Kurtis I Auguste 2 , Edward F Chang 2 , Antonio J Gutierrez 7 , Arnold R Kriegstein 1, 3 , Gary W Mathern 8, 9 , Michael C Oldham 1, 2 , Eric J Huang 10 , Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo 4 , Zhengang Yang 5 , Arturo Alvarez-Buylla 1, 2
Affiliation  

New neurons continue to be generated in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the adult mammalian hippocampus. This process has been linked to learning and memory, stress and exercise, and is thought to be altered in neurological disease. In humans, some studies have suggested that hundreds of new neurons are added to the adult dentate gyrus every day, whereas other studies find many fewer putative new neurons. Despite these discrepancies, it is generally believed that the adult human hippocampus continues to generate new neurons. Here we show that a defined population of progenitor cells does not coalesce in the subgranular zone during human fetal or postnatal development. We also find that the number of proliferating progenitors and young neurons in the dentate gyrus declines sharply during the first year of life and only a few isolated young neurons are observed by 7 and 13 years of age. In adult patients with epilepsy and healthy adults (18–77 years; n = 17 post-mortem samples from controls; n = 12 surgical resection samples from patients with epilepsy), young neurons were not detected in the dentate gyrus. In the monkey (Macaca mulatta) hippocampus, proliferation of neurons in the subgranular zone was found in early postnatal life, but this diminished during juvenile development as neurogenesis decreased. We conclude that recruitment of young neurons to the primate hippocampus decreases rapidly during the first years of life, and that neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus does not continue, or is extremely rare, in adult humans. The early decline in hippocampal neurogenesis raises questions about how the function of the dentate gyrus differs between humans and other species in which adult hippocampal neurogenesis is preserved.

中文翻译:

儿童海马神经发生急剧下降至成人检测不到的水平

在成年哺乳动物海马齿状回的颗粒下区继续产生新的神经元。这个过程与学习和记忆、压力和锻炼有关,并且被认为在神经系统疾病中会发生改变。在人类中,一些研究表明每天有数百个新神经元添加到成人齿状回,而其他研究发现推定的新神经元要少得多。尽管存在这些差异,但人们普遍认为成人海马体会继续产生新的神经元。在这里,我们表明在人类胎儿或出生后发育过程中,一定数量的祖细胞不会在颗粒下区域聚结。我们还发现,在生命的第一年,齿状回中增殖的祖细胞和年轻神经元的数量急剧下降,并且在 7 岁和 13 岁时仅观察到少数孤立的年轻神经元。在成年癫痫患者和健康成年人(18-77 岁;n = 17 份来自对照的尸检样本;n = 12 份来自癫痫患者的手术切除样本)中,在齿状回中未检测到年轻的神经元。在猴 (Macaca mulatta) 海马体中,在出生后早期发现颗粒下区神经元的增殖,但随着神经发生的减少,这种增殖在幼年发育过程中会减少。我们得出结论,灵长类动物海马体的年轻神经元在生命的最初几年迅速减少,并且齿状回的神经发生不会继续,或者非常罕见,在成人中。海马神经发生的早期衰退引发了关于齿状回的功能在人类和其他保留成年海马神经发生的物种之间有何不同的问题。
更新日期:2018-03-01
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