Background

This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to road traffic noise and air pollution on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in three large cohorts: HUNT, EPIC-Oxford and UK Biobank.

Methods

In pooled complete-case sample of the three cohorts from Norway and the United Kingdom (N = 355,732), 21,081 incident all CVD cases including 5259 ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 2871 cerebrovascular cases were ascertained between baseline (1993–2010) and end of follow-up (2008–2013) through medical record linkage. Annual mean 24-hour weighted road traffic noise (Lden) and air pollution (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm [PM10], ≤2.5 μm [PM2.5] and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) exposure at baseline address was modelled using a simplified version of the Common Noise Assessment Methods in Europe (CNOSSOS-EU) and European-wide Land Use Regression models. Individual-level covariate data were harmonised and physically pooled across the three cohorts. Analysis was via Cox proportional hazard model with mutual adjustments for both noise and air pollution and potential confounders.

Results

No significant associations were found between annual mean Lden and incident CVD, IHD or cerebrovascular disease in the overall population except that the association with incident IHD was significant among current-smokers. In the fully adjusted models including adjustment for Lden, an interquartile range (IQR) higher PM10 (4.1 μg/m3) or PM2.5 (1.4 μg/m3) was associated with a 5.8% (95%CI: 2.5%–9.3%) and 3.7% (95%CI: 0.2%–7.4%) higher risk for all incident CVD respectively. No significant associations were found between NO2 and any of the CVD outcomes.

Conclusions

We found suggestive evidence of a possible association between road traffic noise and incident IHD, consistent with current literature. Long-term particulate air pollution exposure, even at concentrations below current European air quality standards, was significantly associated with incident CVD.

中文翻译：

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道路交通噪音，空气污染和心血管疾病的突发事件：HUNT，EPIC-Oxford和UK Biobank队列的联合分析

背景

这项研究旨在研究长期暴露于道路交通噪声和空气污染对三个大型人群的影响：HUNT，EPIC-Oxford和UK Biobank。

方法

在来自挪威和英国（N = 355,732）的三个队列的完整病例汇总样本中，确定了基线（1993-2010年）至末期之间所有CVD病例（包括5259例缺血性心脏病（IHD）和2871例脑血管病）的21,081例通过病历联系进行随访（2008-2013年）。使用以下方法对基线地址处的年平均24小时加权道路交通噪声（Lden）和空气污染（空气动力学直径≤10μm[PM10]，≤2.5μm[PM2.5]和二氧化氮[NO2]的颗粒物）进行建模欧洲通用噪声评估方法（CNOSSOS-EU）和欧洲范围内的土地利用回归模型的简化版本。在这三个队列中，对个人级别的协变量数据进行了统一和物理合并。

结果

在总体人群中，年平均Lden与CVD，IHD或脑血管疾病之间没有发现显着相关性，除了在吸烟者中与IHD的相关性显着。在完全调整的模型（包括对Lden的调整）中，较高的PM10（4.1μg/ m3）或PM2.5（1.4μg/ m3）的四分位数范围（IQR）与5.8％（95％CI：2.5％–9.3％）相关）和3.7％（95％CI：0.2％–7.4％）的所有发生的CVD的风险分别升高。在NO2和任何CVD结果之间均未发现显着关联。

结论

我们发现暗示性证据表明，道路交通噪声与入射IHD之间可能存在关联，与当前文献一致。即使浓度低于当前的欧洲空气质量标准，长期的颗粒物空气污染暴露也与入射CVD显着相关。