Nasal and ocular challenges facilitate the evaluation of subjective and objective responses to defined allergen or irritant exposure. Nasal and ocular allergen challenges are the gold standard to diagnose allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis, respectively, and aid in the evaluation of novel therapies in clinical trials. Additionally, nasal and ocular allergen challenges might help identify medically relevant allergens in clinical practice. Nonspecific or irritant challenges evaluate mucosal hyperreactivity. Direct mucosal challenges, which can be performed in an office or research setting, expose the participant to higher allergen doses than common in the natural environment. Park studies and environmental chambers, which are most practical in clinical trials, more closely simulate natural allergen exposure. International consensus guidelines for nasal and ocular challenges do not exist. Therefore the positivity criteria, methodologies, and extract or allergen preparations used in challenges vary in the literature. Regardless of these limitations, nasal and ocular challenges are helpful clinical and research tools for nasal and ocular diseases.

鼻部和眼部刺激有助于评估对确定的过敏原或刺激性暴露的主观和客观反应。鼻和眼过敏原刺激分别是诊断过敏性鼻炎和结膜炎的金标准，并有助于在临床试验中评估新疗法。此外，鼻和眼过敏原的挑战可能有助于在临床实践中识别医学上相关的过敏原。非特异性或刺激性挑战可评估粘膜反应过度。可以在办公室或研究机构中进行的直接粘膜挑战，会使参与者承受比自然环境中常见的更高的过敏原剂量。在临床试验中最实用的公园研究和环境研究室更紧密地模拟了自然过敏原的暴露。没有关于鼻和眼挑战的国际共识准则。因此，在挑战中使用的阳性标准，方法和提取物或过敏原制剂在文献中有所不同。无论这些限制如何，鼻和眼挑战都是对鼻和眼疾病有用的临床和研究工具。