Single-cell analysis of bioactive molecules is an essential strategy for a better understanding of cell biology, exploring cell heterogeneity, and improvement of the ability to detect early diseases. In single-cell analysis, highly efficient single-cell manipulation techniques and high-sensitive detection schemes are in urgent need. The rapid development of fluorescent analysis techniques combined with microfluidic chips have offered a widely applicable solution. Thus, in this review, we mainly focus on the application of fluorescence methods in components analysis on microchips at a single-cell level. By targeting different types of biological molecules in cells such as nucleic acids, proteins, and active small molecules, we specially introduce and comment on their corresponding fluorescent probes, fluorescence labelling and sensing strategies, and different fluorescence detection instruments used in single-cell analysis on a microfluidic chip. We hope that through this review, readers will have a better understanding of single-cell fluorescence analysis, especially for single-cell component fluorescence analysis based on microfluidic chips.

中文翻译：

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基于微流控芯片的单细胞生物活性分子荧光分析

生物活性分子的单细胞分析是更好地了解细胞生物学，探索细胞异质性以及提高发现早期疾病的能力的一项重要策略。在单细胞分析中，迫切需要高效的单细胞操作技术和高灵敏度的检测方案。荧光分析技术与微流控芯片相结合的快速发展提供了广泛适用的解决方案。因此，在这篇综述中，我们主要关注荧光方法在单细胞水平的微芯片成分分析中的应用。通过针对细胞中不同类型的生物分子，例如核酸，蛋白质和活性小分子，我们特别介绍并评论了它们相应的荧光探针，荧光标记和传感策略，以及在微流控芯片上用于单细胞分析的不同荧光检测仪器。我们希望通过这篇综述，使读者对单细胞荧光分析有更好的了解，尤其是对于基于微流控芯片的单细胞成分荧光分析。