Observations have recently shown that supernovae are efficient dust factories, as predicted for a long time by theoretical models. The rapid evolution of their stellar progenitors combined with their efficiency in precipitating refractory elements from the gas phase into dust grains make supernovae the major potential suppliers of dust in the early Universe, where more conventional sources like Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars did not have time to evolve. However, dust yields inferred from observations of young supernovae or derived from models do not reflect the net amount of supernova-condensed dust able to be expelled from the remnants and reach the interstellar medium. The cavity where the dust is formed and initially resides is crossed by the high velocity reverse shock which is generated by the pressure of the circumstellar material shocked by the expanding supernova blast wave. Depending on grain composition and initial size, processing by the reverse shock may lead to substantial dust erosion and even complete destruction. The goal of this review is to present the state of the art about processing and survival of dust inside supernova remnants, in terms of theoretical modelling and comparison to observations.

中文翻译：

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超新星和超新星遗迹中的尘埃 II：处理和生存

最近的观测表明，超新星是高效的尘埃工厂，正如长期以来理论模型所预测的那样。它们的恒星祖先的快速演化，加上它们将难熔元素从气相沉淀为尘埃颗粒的效率，使超新星成为早期宇宙中尘埃的主要潜在供应者，而渐近巨星分支 (AGB) 等更传统的来源则没有是时候进化了。然而，从对年轻超新星的观察或模型推导出的尘埃产量并不能反映能够从残余物中排出并到达星际介质的超新星凝聚尘埃的净量。尘埃形成和最初驻留的空腔被高速反向冲击穿过，高速反向冲击是由膨胀的超新星爆炸波冲击的星周物质的压力产生的。根据颗粒成分和初始尺寸，反向冲击加工可能导致大量粉尘侵蚀甚至完全破坏。这篇综述的目的是通过理论建模和与观测的比较，展示超新星遗迹内部尘埃处理和存活的最新技术。