In Svalbard, the rapid glacier retreat observed since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) has transformed the geomorphology and sediment budgets of glacial forelands, river valleys, and slope systems. To date, relatively little information exists regarding the impact of such a profound glacial landscape degradation on the evolution of coastal environment. This paper addresses this deficiency by detailing the post‐LIA sediment fluxes to the coastal zone in Billefjorden, central Spitsbergen (Svalbard). We analysed the response of the gravel‐dominated barrier coast to the decay of Ferdinandbreen, one of the fastest retreating glaciers in the region. Glacier retreat resulted in the development of paraglacial sediment cascade where eroded and reworked glacigenic sediments progressed through alluvial fans to the coast, thus feeding gravel‐dominated spit systems in Petuniabukta. We demonstrated that the coastal systems in central Spitsbergen responded abruptly to post‐LIA climatic changes. The acceleration of coastal erosion and associated spit development was coincident with rapid climate warming that dates from the 1980s and has been associated with longer ice‐free periods and activation of multiple sediment supply sources from the deglaciated landscape. In colder phases of post‐LIA period, coastal zone development was subdued and strongly dependent on the efficiency of sediment transport via in a longshore drift. Finally, we discuss the differences in the post‐LIA coastal responses between central Spitsbergen and western Spitsbergen highlighting the efficiency of paraglacial sediment delivery from land to the coast controlled by the state of glacial systems, bedrock topography, and development of river channels.

中文翻译：

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快速冰川退缩和景观改造在控制斯匹次卑尔根中部（比勒峡湾，斯瓦尔巴群岛）冰河时代海岸后小冰河时代演化中的作用。

在斯瓦尔巴群岛，自小冰河时代 (LIA) 结束以来观察到的快速冰川退缩已经改变了冰川前地、河谷和斜坡系统的地貌和沉积物收支。迄今为止，关于如此严重的冰川景观退化对沿海环境演变的影响的信息相对较少。本文通过详细介绍 LIA 后沉积物通量到斯匹次卑尔根中部（斯瓦尔巴群岛）比勒夫约登沿海地区的沉积物通量来解决这一缺陷。我们分析了以砾石为主的屏障海岸对 Ferdinandbreen 衰退的响应，Ferdinandbreen 是该地区退缩最快的冰川之一。冰川退缩导致了冰河沉积物级联的发展，其中被侵蚀和改造的冰川沉积物通过冲积扇进入海岸，因此，在 Petuniabukta 喂食以砾石为主的吐痰系统。我们证明了斯匹次卑尔根中部的沿海系统对 LIA 后的气候变化做出了突然的反应。海岸侵蚀的加速和相关的唾液发育与可追溯到 1980 年代的快速气候变暖相吻合，并且与更长的无冰期和冰川消融景观中多种沉积物供应源的激活有关。在后 LIA 时期较冷的阶段，沿海地区的发展受到抑制，并且强烈依赖于通过沿岸漂流的沉积物运输效率。最后，我们讨论了斯匹次卑尔根中部和斯匹次卑尔根西部在 LIA 后海岸响应的差异，强调了冰川系统状态控制的从陆地到海岸的冰河沉积物输送效率，