The amount of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in the environment has been increasing due to their industrial and commercial applications. Different types of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have been detected in effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The effluents have been reclaimed for crop irrigation in many arid and semi-arid areas. Here, a soil micro-ecosystem was established including a microbiome, 4 Arabidopsis thaliana plants, and 3 Eisenia fetida earthworms, for a duration of 95 days. The impact of wastewater effluent (WE) containing aged NPs was studied. WE was taken from a local WWTP and exhibited the presence of Ti, Ag, and Zn up to 97.0 ± 9.4, 27.4 ± 3.9, and 4.1 ± 3.6 µg/L, respectively, as well as the presence of nanoscale particles (1–100 nm in diameter). The plants were irrigated with WE or deionized water (DIW). After 95 days, significantly higher concentrations of extractable Ti and Zn (439.2 ± 24.4 and 9.0 ± 0.5 mg/kg, respectively) were found in WE-irrigated soil than those in DIW-irrigated soil (161.2 ± 2.1 and 4.0 ± 0.1 mg/kg). The extractable Ag concentrations did not differ significantly between the WE- and DIW-irrigated soil. Although microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were not significantly reduced, the population distribution of the microbial communities was shifted in WE-irrigated soil compared to the control. The abundance of cyanobacteria (Cyanophyta) was increased by 12.5% in the WE-irrigated soil as manifested mainly by an increase of Trichodesmium spp., and the abundance of unknown archaea was enhanced from 26.7% in the control to 40.5% in the WE-irrigated soil. The biomasses of A. thaliana and E. fetida were not significantly changed by WE exposure. However, A. thaliana had a noticeable shortened life cycle, and corrected total cell fluorescence was much higher in the roots of WE-irrigated plants compared to the control. These impacts on the soil micro-ecosystem may have resulted from the aged NPs and/or the metal ions released from these NPs, as well as other components in the WE. Taken together, these results should help inform the reuse of WE containing aged NPs and other components in sustainable agriculture.

由于其工业和商业应用，环境中工程纳米材料（ENM）的数量一直在增加。在废水处理厂（WWTP）的废水中已检测到不同类型的金属纳米颗粒（NPs）。在许多干旱和半干旱地区，废水已被回收用于作物灌溉。在这里，建立了一个土壤微生态系统，包括一个微生物组，4种拟南芥植物和3种埃塞俄比亚fetida,，持续95天。研究了含老化NP的废水（WE）的影响。WE取自当地的污水处理厂，其Ti，Ag和Zn的含量分别高达97.0±9.4、27.4±3.9和4.1±3.6 µg / L，以及纳米级颗粒（1–100）直径（nm）。用WE或去离子水（DIW）灌溉植物。95天后，WE灌溉土壤中可提取的Ti和Zn的浓度显着更高（分别为439.2±24.4和9.0±0.5 mg / kg），高于DIW灌溉土壤中的可提取Ti和Zn的浓度（161.2±2.1和4.0±0.1 mg / kg）公斤）。在WE和DIW灌溉的土壤之间，可提取的Ag浓度没有显着差异。尽管微生物生物量的碳和氮没有显着减少，与对照相比，WE灌溉土壤中微生物群落的种群分布发生了变化。WE灌溉土壤中的蓝藻（蓝藻）丰度增加了12.5％，主要表现为：Trichodesmium spp。和未知古细菌的丰度从对照的26.7％提高到WE灌溉土壤的40.5％。暴露于WE并没有明显改变拟南芥和大肠埃希菌的生物量。然而，拟南芥的生命周期显着缩短，并且与对照相比，WE灌溉植物的根中校正的总细胞荧光要高得多。这些对土壤微生态系统的影响可能是由老化的NP和/或从这些NP释放的金属离子以及WE中的其他成分引起的。综上所述，这些结果应有助于为WE中包含老化NP和其他成分的WE的再利用提供参考。