Increasing use of fish feed containing the chitin synthesis inhibiting anti-parasitic drug diflubenzuron (DFB) in salmon aquaculture has raised concerns over its impact on coastal ecosystems. Larvae of Northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) were exposed to DFB medicated feed under Control conditions (7.0 °C, pH 8.0) and under Ocean Acidification and Warming conditions (OAW, 9.5 °C and pH 7.6). Two weeks’ exposure to DFB medicated feed caused significantly increased mortality. The effect of OAW and DFB on mortality of shrimp larvae was additive; 10% mortality in Control, 35% in OAW, 66% in DFB and 92% in OAW + DFB. In OAW + DFB feeding and swimming activity were reduced for stage II larvae and none of the surviving larvae developed to stage IV. Two genes involved in feeding (GAPDH and PRLP) and one gene involved in moulting (DD9B) were significantly downregulated in larvae exposed to OAW + DFB relative to the Control. Due to a shorter intermoult period under OAW conditions, the OAW + DFB larvae were exposed throughout two instead of one critical pre-moult period. This may explain the more serious sub-lethal effects for OAW + DFB than DFB larvae. A single day exposure at 4 days after hatching did not affect DFB larvae, but high mortality was observed for OAW + DFB larvae, possibly because they were exposed closer to moulting. High mortality of shrimp larvae exposed to DFB medicated feed, indicates that the use of DFB in salmon aquaculture is a threat to crustacean zooplankton.

在鲑鱼养殖中越来越多地使用含有甲壳素合成抑制性抗寄生虫药双氟苯隆（DFB）的鱼饲料，引起了人们对其对沿海生态系统的影响的担忧。在控制条件（7.0°C，pH 8.0）和海洋酸化和变暖条件（OAW，9.5°C和pH 7.6）下，将北部虾（Pandalus borealis）的幼虫暴露于DFB含药饲料中。接触DFB含药饲料两周会导致死亡率显着增加。OAW和DFB对虾幼虫死亡率的影响是累加的。对照组死亡率为10％，OAW为35％，DFB为66％，OAW + DFB为92％。在OAW + DFB中，II期幼虫的摄食和游泳活动减少，并且存活的幼虫均未发育到IV期。涉及进食的两个基因（GAPDH和相对于对照，暴露于OAW + DFB的幼虫的PRLP和一个参与蜕皮的基因（DD9B）显着下调。由于在OAW条件下换羽期较短，因此OAW + DFB幼虫在整个两个而不是一个关键的换羽前期都暴露。这可能解释了OAW + DFB比DFB幼虫更严重的亚致死作用。孵化后第4天每天接触一次不会影响DFB幼虫，但是观察到OAW + DFB幼虫的死亡率很高，可能是因为它们更接近蜕皮。暴露于DFB含药饲料的虾幼虫死亡率高，表明在鲑鱼养殖中使用DFB对甲壳类浮游动物构成威胁。