Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/Laponite (PNIPAM/Laponite) gradient nanocomposite hydrogel actuators are developed as temperature‐controlled actuators with excellent performance using a facile electrophoresis method. The actuators exhibit a rapid (20 s response time) and reversible response, as well as large deformation (bending angle of 231°), which is due to the graded forces generated by the thermo‐induced anisotropic shrinkage and extension of the gradient hydrogels. A good linear relationship is observed between the maximum bending angles and the corresponding temperatures for the actuators with fixed sizes. Moreover, the gradient hydrogel with high water content achieved larger actuation angles and shorter response time than the one with low water content, showing an interesting water‐promoted effect. Meanwhile, different types of actuators are designed to suit for more specific scenarios, and may be used for various applications, such as biosensing, artificial organization, and transportation of targeted objects.

中文翻译：

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具有水促进热响应的快速，可逆且鲁棒的梯度纳米复合水凝胶致动器

聚（N异丙基丙烯酰胺）/ Laponite（PNIPAM / Laponite）梯度纳米复合水凝胶促动器是通过温和的电泳方法开发的具有出色性能的温度控制促动器。执行器表现出快速的响应时间（20 s）和可逆的响应，以及大变形（弯曲角度为231°），这是由于热诱导的各向异性收缩和梯度水凝胶的延伸所产生的梯度力所致。对于固定尺寸的执行器，在最大弯曲角度和相应的温度之间观察到良好的线性关系。此外，高含水量的梯度水凝胶比低含水量的梯度水凝胶具有更大的驱动角和更短的响应时间，显示出有趣的水促进作用。同时，