Horizontal drilling in combination with hydraulic fracturing has dramatically changed the energy landscape as it allows for the more efficient extraction of natural gas from less accessible reservoirs. An issue being explored in greater detail is the increase of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and mercaptan (C_xH_y-SH) content during the early production from hot shale gas reservoirs (T > 100 °C). Hydraulic fracturing technologies rely on the use of chemical additives for modifying the physical and chemical properties of fracturing fluids to drag proppant into the reservoir. Under downhole conditions, native H₂S or metal sulfides can be partially oxidized by dissolved oxygen or other aqueous species, thus producing elemental sulfur. Over time, this elemental sulfur can slowly oxidize the chemical additives, thus regenerating H₂S and other organosulfur species. In this work, we focus on the reaction kinetics of sulfur and alcohol reaction under downhole conditions. Rates and reactions are presented and discussed as an alternative mechanism for the delayed production of mercaptans and H₂S.

中文翻译：

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涉及醇基水力压裂添加剂的反应的井下动力学及其对延迟H ₂ S生产的影响

水平钻井与水力压裂相结合，极大地改变了能源格局，因为它允许从交通不便的储层中更有效地提取天然气。从热页岩气藏（T > 100°C）的早期生产过程中，硫化氢（H ₂ S）和硫醇（C _x H _y -SH）含量的增加正在被更详细地探讨。水力压裂技术依靠使用化学添加剂来改变压裂液的物理和化学性质，以将支撑剂拖入储层中。在井下条件下，天然H ₂S或金属硫化物可被溶解的氧气或其他水性物质部分氧化，从而生成元素硫。随着时间的流逝，这种元素硫可缓慢氧化化学添加剂，从而再生H ₂ S和其他有机硫物质。在这项工作中，我们专注于井下条件下硫和醇反应的反应动力学。提出并讨论了速率和反应，作为硫醇和H ₂ S延迟生产的替代机制。