Background

The etiology of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) is poorly understood, however, exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may be related to increased risk. Personal care products, some of which contain EDCs, are widely used on a daily basis and are known to cross the placenta, be present in breastmilk, and are capable of inducing reproductive tract abnormalities. To determine the association between personal care product use during pregnancy and breastfeeding and TGCT risk, an analysis among mothers of TGCT cases and controls was conducted.

Methods

The US Servicemen's Testicular Tumor Environmental and Endocrine Determinants (STEED) study enrolled TGCT cases and controls and their mothers between 2002 and 2005. The current analysis examined personal care product use during pregnancy among 527 mothers of TGCT cases and 562 mothers of controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for identified covariates.

Results

Maternal use of face lotion more than one time per week was associated with a significantly increased risk of TGCT (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.08–1.86, p-trend: 0.01). None of the other products examined (perfume, hairspray, nail polish, hair dye, permanent wave, body lotion, deodorant, sunscreen) were associated with TGCT risk.

Conclusions

Frequent exposure to face lotion during pregnancy and while breastfeeding may be associated with increased TGCT risk. Further investigation into the endocrine disrupting effects of personal care products is warranted.

中文翻译：

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孕期母亲使用个人护理产品以及儿子睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的风险

背景

睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤（TGCT）的病因了解甚少，但是，暴露于内分泌干扰化学物质（EDC）可能与风险增加有关。个人护理产品（其中一些包含EDC）每天都被广泛使用，并且已知可以穿过胎盘，存在于母乳中，并且能够诱发生殖道异常。为了确定怀孕期间使用个人护理产品与母乳喂养和TGCT风险之间的关联，对TGCT病例和对照母亲进行了分析。

方法

美国军人的睾丸肿瘤环境和内分泌决定因素（STEED）研究纳入了2002至2005年间TGCT病例和对照及其母亲。目前的分析检查了527例TGCT病例母亲和562例对照母亲怀孕期间使用个人护理产品的情况。使用无条件logistic回归调整确定的协变量，计算出赔率（OR）和95％置信区间（CI）。

结果

孕妇每周使用面部洗剂一次以上与TGCT的风险显着增加相关（OR：1.42，95％CI：1.08–1.86，p-趋势：0.01）。所检查的其他产品（香水，发胶，指甲油，染发剂，永久波，润肤露，除臭剂，防晒霜）均与TGCT风险无关。

结论

在怀孕期间和母乳喂养期间经常接触洗面奶可能会增加TGCT风险。有必要进一步调查个人护理产品的内分泌干扰作用。