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Using simulation modeling to inform management of invasive species: A case study of eastern brook trout suppression and eradication
Biological Conservation ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2018-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.01.017
Casey C. Day , Erin L. Landguth , Andrew Bearlin , Zachary A. Holden , Andrew R. Whiteley

Abstract Ecosystem impacts due to invasive species continue to attract significant conservation effort worldwide. In aquatic ecosystems, physical interventions such as suppression and eradication of non-native species are typically expensive, long-term commitments, with few examples of lasting success in the absence of significant ongoing effort. Control of non-native species is a major conservation and restoration challenge, as a species' demographic resilience and connectivity within networks can limit the ability of suppression or eradication efforts to influence populations. Simulation tools can provide valuable insights for the management of these systems - from evaluation of tradeoffs between time and effort to prediction of relative success rates of alternative strategies in changing environments. In the Pacific Northwest region of the U.S., the eastern brook trout (EBT; Salvelinus fontinalis) is a non-native invasive species that competes with native fish species across a wide spatial scale due to extensive human-mediated introduction starting in the early 20th century. The goal of this study was to simulate the individual movement and demographics of EBT before, during, and following implementation of control efforts in tributaries within the Pend Oreille River watershed. The ultimate purpose of the model was to inform mitigation decisions through the investigation of alternative management actions in an adaptive management framework. Our results indicate that eradication of EBT is improbable in large systems via electrofishing, but suppression is a viable alternative given sustained management efforts. Changes to scheduling, effort, and length of electrofishing suppression treatments had minimal effects on EBT population recovery times. We reproduced the effects of compensatory responses to control treatments, including increases in juvenile survival and emigration rates, and demonstrated that these mechanisms are likely drivers of recovery following treatment. Our study highlights the many benefits of incorporating spatially explicit, individual-based models into management plans for the control of invasive species.

中文翻译:

使用模拟模型为入侵物种管理提供信息:东溪鳟鱼抑制和根除的案例研究

摘要 入侵物种对生态系统的影响继续吸引着全世界的大量保护工作。在水生生态系统中,抑制和根除非本地物种等物理干预措施通常是昂贵的长期承诺,很少有在缺乏持续努力的情况下取得持久成功的例子。控制非本地物种是一项重大的保护和恢复挑战,因为物种的人口弹性和网络内的连通性会限制抑制或根除影响种群的努力的能力。模拟工具可以为这些系统的管理提供有价值的见解——从评估时间和努力之间的权衡到预测在不断变化的环境中替代策略的相对成功率。在美国太平洋西北部地区,东溪鳟鱼 (EBT;Salvelinus fontinalis) 是一种非本地入侵物种,由于从 20 世纪初开始大量人类介导的引入,它在广阔的空间范围内与本地鱼类物种竞争. 本研究的目标是在 Pend Oreille 河流域内的支流实施控制措施之前、期间和之后模拟 EBT 的个体移动和人口统计。该模型的最终目的是通过调查适应性管理框架中的替代管理行动来为缓解决策提供信息。我们的研究结果表明,在大型系统中通过电捕鱼来根除 EBT 是不可能的,但鉴于持续的管理努力,抑制是一种可行的选择。日程安排、工作量的变化,电捕鱼抑制处理的长度和长度对 EBT 种群恢复时间的影响很小。我们重现了对对照治疗的补偿反应的影响,包括幼鱼存活率和移民率的增加,并证明这些机制可能是治疗后恢复的驱动因素。我们的研究强调了将空间明确的、基于个体的模型纳入控制入侵物种的管理计划的许多好处。
更新日期:2018-05-01
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