Morphological evolution from a unicellular to multicellular state provides greater opportunities for organisms to attain larger and more complex living forms. As the most common freshwater cyanobacterial genus, Microcystis is a unicellular microorganism, with high phenotypic plasticity, which forms colonies and blooms in lakes and reservoirs worldwide. We conducted a systematic review of field studies from the 1990s to 2017 where Microcystis was dominant. Microcystis was detected as the dominant genus in waterbodies from temperate to subtropical and tropical zones. Unicellular Microcystis spp. can be induced to form colonies by adjusting biotic and abiotic factors in laboratory. Colony formation by cell division has been induced by zooplankton filtrate, high Pb2+ concentration, the presence of another cyanobacterium (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii), heterotrophic bacteria, and by low temperature and light intensity. Colony formation by cell adhesion can be induced by zooplankton grazing, high Ca2+ concentration, and microcystins.

中文翻译：

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蓝藻微囊藻中的菌落形成

从单细胞状态到多细胞状态的形态进化为生物体获得更大和更复杂的生命形式提供了更多的机会。作为最常见的淡水蓝藻属，微囊藻是一种单细胞微生物，表型可塑性高，在世界各地的湖泊和水库中形成菌落和水华。我们对 1990 年代至 2017 年间以微囊藻为主的实地研究进行了系统回顾。微囊藻被检测为温带到亚热带和热带地区水体中的优势属。单细胞微囊藻属 可通过实验室调节生物和非生物因素诱导形成菌落。浮游动物滤液、高 Pb2+ 浓度、另一种蓝藻（Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii）的存在，异养细菌，以及低温和光照强度。浮游动物放牧、高 Ca2+ 浓度和微囊藻毒素可诱导细胞粘附形成的菌落。