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Production of ready-to-use few-layer graphene in aqueous suspensions.
Nature Protocols ( IF 14.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-Mar-01 , DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.142
Jose M González-Domínguez , Verónica León , María Isabel Lucío , Maurizio Prato , Ester Vázquez

Graphene has promising physical and chemical properties such as high strength and flexibility, coupled with high electrical and thermal conductivities. It is therefore being incorporated into polymer-based composites for use in electronics and photonics applications. A main constraint related to the graphene development is that, being of a strongly hydrophobic nature, almost all dispersions (usually required for its handling and processing toward the desired application) are prepared in poisonous organic solvents such as N-methyl pyrrolidone or N,N-dimethyl formamide. Here, we describe how to prepare exfoliated graphite using a ball mill. The graphene produced is three to four layers thick and ∼500 nm in diameter on average, as measured by electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy; can be stored in the form of light solid; and is easily dispersed in aqueous media. Our methodology consists of four main steps: (i) the mechanochemical intercalation of organic molecules (melamine) into graphite, followed by suspension in water; (ii) the washing of suspended graphene to eliminate most of the melamine; (iii) the isolation of stable graphene sheets; and (iv) freeze-drying to obtain graphene powder. This process takes 6-7 or 9-10 d for aqueous suspensions and dry powders, respectively. The product has well-defined properties and can be used for many science and technology applications, including toxicology impact assessment and the production of innovative medical devices.

中文翻译:

在水性悬浮液中生产即用型几层石墨烯。

石墨烯具有令人鼓舞的物理和化学特性,例如高强度和柔韧性,以及高电导率和热导率。因此,它被并入了聚合物基复合材料中,用于电子和光子学应用。与石墨烯发展有关的一个主要限制是,由于具有强疏水性,几乎所有分散体(通常是为达到所需应用而进行处理和加工所需的分散液)均在有毒的有机溶剂(如N-甲基吡咯烷酮或N,N)中制备-二甲基甲酰胺。在这里,我们描述如何使用球磨机制备片状石墨。用电子显微镜和拉曼光谱法测得,石墨烯的厚度为三至四层,平均直径约为500 nm。可以以浅色固体形式保存;并且容易分散在水性介质中。我们的方法包括四个主要步骤:(i)将机械分子(三聚氰胺)机械化学嵌入石墨中,然后将其悬浮在水中;(ii)洗涤悬浮的石墨烯以消除大部分三聚氰胺;(iii)分离稳定的石墨烯片;(iv)冷冻干燥以获得石墨烯粉末。对于水性悬浮液和干粉,此过程分别需要6-7或9-10 d。该产品具有明确的特性,可用于许多科学和技术应用,包括毒理学影响评估和创新医疗设备的生产。(ii)洗涤悬浮的石墨烯以消除大部分三聚氰胺;(iii)分离稳定的石墨烯片;(iv)冷冻干燥以获得石墨烯粉末。对于水性悬浮液和干粉,此过程分别需要6-7或9-10 d。该产品具有明确的特性,可用于许多科学和技术应用,包括毒理学影响评估和创新医疗设备的生产。(ii)洗涤悬浮的石墨烯以消除大部分三聚氰胺;(iii)分离稳定的石墨烯片;(iv)冷冻干燥以获得石墨烯粉末。对于水性悬浮液和干粉,此过程分别需要6-7或9-10 d。该产品具有明确的特性,可用于许多科学和技术应用,包括毒理学影响评估和创新医疗设备的生产。
更新日期:2018-02-23
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