The augmented exposure of both environment and human being to electromagnetic waves and the concomitant lack of an unequivocal knowledge about biological consequences of these radiations, raised public interest on electromagnetic pollution. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the biological effects on zebrafish (ZF) embryos of 100 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure through a multidisciplinary protocol.

Because of the shared synteny between human and ZF genomes that validated its use in biomedical research, toxicology and developmental biology studies, ZF was here selected as experimental model and a measurement protocol and biological analyses have been set up to clearly discriminate between RF-EMF biological and thermal effects.

The results showed that a 100 MHz EMF was able to affect ZF embryonic development, from 24 to 72 h post fertilization (hpf) in all the analyzed pathways. Particularly, at the 48 hpf stage, a reduced growth, an increased transcription of oxidative stress genes, the onset of apoptotic/autophagic processes and a modification in cholesterol metabolism were detected. ZF embryos faced stress induced by EMF radiation by triggering detoxification mechanisms and at 72 hpf they partially recovered from stress reaching the hatching time in a comparable way respect to the control group.

Data here obtained showed unequivocally the in vivo effects of RF-EMF on an animal model, excluding thermal outcomes and thus represents the starting point for more comprehensive studies on dose response effects of electromagnetic fields radiations consequences.

环境和人类对电磁波的暴露增加，并且随之而来的是对这些辐射的生物后果缺乏明确的认识，这引起了公众对电磁污染的兴趣。在这种情况下，本研究旨在通过多学科协议评估100 MHz射频电磁场（RF-EMF）暴露对斑马鱼（ZF）胚胎的生物学影响。

由于人类和ZF基因组之间具有相同的同构性，证实了其在生物医学研究，毒理学和发育生物学研究中的用途，因此此处选择ZF作为实验模型，并建立了测量方案和生物学分析以清楚地区分RF-EMF生物学和热效应。

结果表明，在所有分析的途径中，从受精后24至72 h（hpf），100 MHz EMF都能影响ZF胚胎发育。特别是在48 hpf阶段，检测到生长减慢，氧化应激基因转录增加，凋亡/自噬过程的发作以及胆固醇代谢的改变。ZF胚胎通过触发解毒机制而面对由EMF辐射诱导的应激，并且在72 hpf时，它们以与对照组相当的方式从达到孵化时间的应激中部分恢复。

此处获得的数据明确显示了RF-EMF对动物模型的体内作用，不包括热结果，因此代表了对电磁场辐射后果的剂量反应效应进行更全面研究的起点。