Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a process of fabricating 3D objects by adding successive layers of materials (e.g. polymers) on top of each other. Among various 3D printing approaches, the photochemical approach is extremely attractive as objects can be produced via photopolymerisation reactions of monomers/oligomers, which possesses environmental, economical, and production benefits. In this approach, photoinitiators and monomers/oligomers are two of the most important components of photopolymers for 3D printing. Specifically, photoinitiators absorb the irradiation light of a 3D printer and initiate the photopolymerisation reactions of monomers/oligomers layer-by-layer to produce the designed 3D objects, while monomers/oligomers can determine the final properties of the printed products. In this review, commercial photoinitiators and monomers/oligomers applicable for 3D printing are presented. Moreover, the newly developed photoinitiators and monomers/oligomers (from 2015 to 2017) for 3D printing of polymer-based materials with various properties and the application in 3D bio-printing are also demonstrated.

中文翻译：

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光敏聚合物的3D打印

三维（3D）打印是通过在彼此之上添加连续的材料层（例如聚合物）来制造3D对象的过程。在各种3D打印方法中，光化学方法极具吸引力，因为可以通过单体/低聚物的光聚合反应，具有环境，经济和生产优势。在这种方法中，光引发剂和单体/低聚物是用于3D打印的光聚合物的两个最重要的组成部分。具体而言，光引发剂吸收3D打印机的辐射光，并逐层引发单体/低聚物的光聚合反应以产生设计的3D对象，而单体/低聚物可以确定印刷产品的最终性能。在这篇综述中，提出了适用于3D打印的商业光引发剂和单体/低聚物。此外，还展示了用于具有各种特性的聚合物基材料的3D打印的新开发的光引发剂和单体/低聚物（从2015年到2017年）以及在3D生物打印中的应用。