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Effect of Southwest Monsoon Withdrawal on Mass Loading and Chemical Characteristics of Aerosols in an Urban City over the Indo-Gangetic Basin
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-21 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00140
Sarwar Nizam 1 , Indra S. Sen 1
Affiliation  

The southwest monsoon rainfall not only provides water and food security over the Indo-Gangetic Basin, it also plays an important role in reducing atmospheric pollution by removing ambient particles via wet deposition processes. In addition to rainfall, aerosol loading and its removal from ambient air are also governed by other meteorological parameters, such as the temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. To understand the effect of southwest monsoon withdrawal on aerosol loading over the Indo-Gangetic Basin, airborne particles (PM10 size fraction) and meteorological parameters, including the temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and wind direction data were collected between July and October 2015 at Kanpur, India, which is a large industrial city in the central part of the Indo-Gangetic Basin. The study shows that withdrawal of the southwest monsoon since July 2015 increased the aerosol loading in the ambient air by up to 28, 43 and 152% during August, September, and October, respectively. The aerosol loading exceeded the ambient Indian National Air Quality Standard limit of 100 μg/m–3 just within 3 months. In addition to increased aerosol mass loading, the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, and Cd) in the aerosols also increased with monsoon withdrawal. The only heavy metal that did not show an increasing trend was Pb, which indicates that Pb is either coming from local source(s) or that Pb was not efficiently scavenged by wet deposition processes. In general, Cd, Pb, and Cu concentrations were 10–1500 times higher when compared to the upper continental crust and were mostly derived from coal-burning products. The study shows that southwest monsoon strongly influence the physiochemical properties of aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic Basin.

中文翻译:

西南季风撤除对印度恒河盆地城市城市气溶胶质量负荷和化学特征的影响

西南季风降雨不仅为印度恒河盆地提供了水和粮食安全,而且在通过湿法沉积过程去除环境颗粒方面,在减少大气污染方面也发挥了重要作用。除降雨外,气溶胶的负载及其从周围空气中的去除还受其他气象参数的控制,例如温度,湿度,风速和风向。要了解西南季风撤离对印度恒河盆地气载颗粒物(颗粒物PM 10)的影响大小分数)和气象参数,包括温度,湿度,降雨量,风速和风向数据,收集时间为2015年7月至10月,地点是印度坎普尔,印度是印度恒河盆地中部的大型工业城市。研究表明,自2015年7月以来西南季风的撤离使8月,9月和10月的大气中气溶胶负荷分别增加了28%,43%和152%。气溶胶负荷超过了印度国家空气质量标准的极限,即100μg/ m –3仅在3个月内。除增加气溶胶质量负荷外,随着季风的撤离,气溶胶中重金属(Cr,Ni,Cu和Cd)的浓度也增加。唯一没有显示出增加趋势的重金属是Pb,这表明Pb要么来自本地资源,要么未通过湿法沉积工艺有效清除。通常,Cd,Pb和Cu的浓度比大陆上地壳高10-1500倍,并且大部分来自燃煤产品。研究表明,西南季风强烈影响印度-恒河盆地气溶胶的理化特性。
更新日期:2018-02-21
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