Aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs) may offer comparable or higher energy density than electric double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) based on organic electrolytes. As such, ASCs may be more suitable for integration into smart textiles, where the use of flammable organic solvents is not acceptable. However, reported ASC devices typically suffer from poor rate capability and low areal loadings. This study demonstrates the development of nitrogen‐doped carbon (N‐C) nanowire/metal oxide (Fe₂O₃ and MnO₂) nanocomposite electrodes directly produced on the internal surface of a conductive fabric for use as high‐rate electrodes for solid‐state ASCs. The N‐C nanowires provide fast and efficient pathways for electrons, while short diffusion paths within nanosized metal oxides enable fast ion transport, leading to greatly enhanced performance at high rates. The porous structure of the fabric enables high areal capacitance loading in each electrode (≈150 mF cm⁻²). Both electrodes show high specific capacitance of ≈180 F g⁻¹ (Fe₂O₃) and ≈250 F g⁻¹ (MnO₂) and excellent rate capability. Solid‐state ASCs assembled by using an aqueous gel electrolyte operate at 1.6 V and deliver over 60 mF cm⁻² during ≈50 s charging/discharging time and over 30 mF cm⁻² for ≈5 s discharge.

中文翻译：

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碳纳米线/金属氧化物纳米复合材料装饰的分层织物，用于1.6 V耐磨水性超级电容器

与基于有机电解质的双电层电容器（EDLC）相比，水不对称超级电容器（ASC）可以提供相当或更高的能量密度。因此，在不能使用易燃有机溶剂的情况下，ASC可能更适合集成到智能纺织品中。但是，已报道的ASC设备通常具有较差的速率能力和较低的面负载。这项研究证明了掺氮碳（N‐C）纳米线/金属氧化物（Fe ₂ O ₃和MnO ₂）直接在导电织物内表面上生产的纳米复合电极，用作固态ASC的高速率电极。N-C纳米线为电子提供了快速有效的路径，而纳米级金属氧化物中的短扩散路径使离子能够快速传输，从而大大提高了高速率下的性能。织物的多孔结构可在每个电极中提供较高的面电容负载（≈150mF cm ^-2）。两个电极均显示出≈180F g ^-1（Fe ₂ O ₃）和≈250F g ^-1（MnO ₂）的高比电容，并且具有出色的倍率性能。通过使用水性凝胶电解质组装的固态ASC在1.6 V电压下工作并提供超过60 mF cm的电流^-2期间≈50小号的充电/放电时间和超过30μF的厘米^-2为≈5S排放。