Photocatalytic remediation aligns with the zero waste schemes of waste and wastewater industries with low cost, environment-friendly and sustainable treatment technologies. Efforts are made to increase the photocatalytic activity of photocatalysts (titanium oxide (TiO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO) and tungsten oxide (WO₃)) by altering their shape (nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, etc.), size and doping (nitrogen, metal and carbon). The photocatalytic properties of various photocatalysts in visible light radiation have been reviewed critically. The nanostructure, doping and composite formation of photocatalysts have profound impact on the remediation of various organics in both air and water. The article also emphasises on attempts to enhance the contact of insoluble pollutants by the use of surfactants and biosurfactants in photocatalytic remediation methods. The comparative photocatalytic activities using doping, surfactants and biosurfactants have been discussed to show the effective remediation of organics under visible light. This review depicts, as the first attempt, organic remediation in visible light using various photocatalytic materials.

中文翻译：

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可见光谱中的纳米结构光催化作用，用于空气和水的净化

光催化修复技术以低成本，环境友好和可持续的处理技术与废物和废水行业的零废物计划保持一致。努力提高光催化剂（氧化钛（TiO ₂），氧化锌（ZnO）和氧化钨（WO ₃）的光催化活性。））通过更改其形状（纳米线，纳米管，纳米粒子等），尺寸和掺杂（氮，金属和碳）来实现。各种光催化剂在可见光辐射下的光催化性能已得到严格的审查。光催化剂的纳米结构，掺杂和复合物形成对空气和水中各种有机物的修复具有深远的影响。该文章还强调了通过在光催化修复方法中使用表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂来增强不溶性污染物接触的尝试。已经讨论了使用掺杂剂，表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂的比较光催化活性，以显示可见光下有机物的有效修复。这项综述描述了作为首次尝试，使用各种光催化材料在可见光下进行有机修复。