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XRD, SEM/EDX and micro-Raman spectroscopy for mineralogical and chemical characterization of iron slags from the Roman archaeological site of Forua (Biscay, North Spain)
Microchemical Journal ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-05-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.01.020
Haizea Portillo , Maria Cruz Zuluaga , Luis Angel Ortega , Ainhoa Alonso-Olazabal , Xabier Murelaga , Ana Martinez-Salcedo

Abstract The Roman village of Forua (North Spain) was an important iron production and distribution centre during the 1st-4th centuries AD. Different metallurgical materials at the archaeological site were identified as forged slag, bog ore mineral and refractory materials used in the walls and on the floor of furnaces. The samples were studied by macroanalysis and microanalysis techniques. The mineralogical characterization was carried out via optical microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction, and the textural characteristics and the composition of individual phases were determined using scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron-dispersive spectroscopy, and by Raman microspectroscopy. Mineral associations not only reflect furnace cooling rates and temperatures but also indicate quartz was the main flux used. The microanalysis results reflect the elements that constituted the slags and other materials from the forge and the worked metallic materials. The results showed the slags originated from iron smithing, which also was confirmed by the presence of iron particles. The ore materials consisted of goethite.

中文翻译:

XRD、SEM/EDX 和显微拉曼光谱对来自 Forua 罗马考古遗址(西班牙北部比斯开)的铁渣进行矿物学和化学表征

摘要 罗马的 Forua 村庄(西班牙北部)是公元 1 至 4 世纪重要的铁生产和集散地。考古遗址中的不同冶金材料被确定为锻造炉渣、沼泽矿物和用于炉壁和炉底的耐火材料。通过宏观分析和微量分析技术研究样品。通过光学显微镜和 X 射线粉末衍射进行矿物学表征,并使用扫描电子显微镜结合电子色散光谱法和拉曼显微光谱法确定各相的结构特征和组成。矿物组合不仅反映熔炉冷却速度和温度,而且表明石英是使用的主要助熔剂。微量分析结果反映了构成熔渣和其他锻造材料和加工金属材料的元素。结果表明,炉渣来自铁锻造,铁颗粒的存在也证实了这一点。矿石原料为针铁矿。
更新日期:2018-05-01
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