The objective of this study was to determine the influence of different operational variables on fluoride (F⁻) removal from waters using lanthanum (La)-doped silica xerogels and the mechanisms involved in this process. Accordingly, four xerogels were synthesized, one acting as blank (X-B), two doped with LaCl₃ and dried at different temperatures (X-LaCl and X-LaCl-M), and a fourth doped with La₂O₃ (X-LaO). The results show that fluorides are only removed when La-doped xerogels are utilized. In addition, X-LaCl yielded the highest adsorption capacity, removing 28.44% of the initial fluoride concentration at a solution pH of 7. Chemical characterization of materials confirmed that fluoride removal from waters is due to the precipitation of LaF₃ on the surface of La-doped xerogels. The presence of dissolved organic matter on the aqueous solution also reduce the removal capacity of La xerogels. Finally, analysis of the influence of solution pH revealed that the adsorption capacity of all xerogels was highest at a solution pH of 7.

本研究的目的是确定不同的操作变量对氟化物的影响（F ^- ），使用镧（La） -掺杂的二氧化硅干凝胶由水去除和参与这一过程的机制。因此，合成了四种干凝胶，一种干凝胶（XB），两种干凝胶掺杂LaCl ₃并在不同温度下干燥（X-LaCl和X-LaCl-M），第四种干凝胶La ₂ O _3。（X-LaO）。结果表明，仅在使用掺La的干凝胶时才除去氟化物。此外，X-LaCl具有最高的吸附容量，在pH为7的溶液中可去除初始氟化物浓度的28.44％。材料的化学表征证实，从水中去除氟化物是由于LaF ₃在La表面上的沉淀所致。掺杂的干凝胶。水溶液中溶解有机物的存在也降低了干凝胶的去除能力。最后，对溶液pH值的影响分析表明，在溶液pH值为7时，所有干凝胶的吸附能力最高。