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Sea spray aerosol chemical composition: elemental and molecular mimics for laboratory studies of heterogeneous and multiphase reactions
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 46.2 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-16 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00008a
Timothy H. Bertram 1, 2, 3, 4 , Richard E. Cochran 4, 5, 6, 7 , Vicki H. Grassian 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , Elizabeth A. Stone 1, 4, 9, 10
Affiliation  

Sea spray aerosol particles (SSA), formed through wave breaking at the ocean surface, contribute to natural aerosol particle concentrations in remote regions of Earth's atmosphere, and alter the direct and indirect effects of aerosol particles on Earth's radiation budget. In addition, sea spray aerosol serves as suspended surface area that can catalyze trace gas reactions. It has been shown repeatedly that sea spray aerosol is heavily enriched in organic material compared to the surface ocean. The selective enrichment of organic material complicates the selection of representative molecular mimics of SSA for laboratory or computational studies. In this review, we first provide a short introduction to SSA formation processes and discuss chemical transformations of SSA that occur in polluted coastal regions and remote pristine air. We then focus on existing literature of the chemical composition of nascent SSA generated in controlled laboratory experiments and field investigations. We combine the evidence on the chemical properties of nascent SSA with literature measurements of SSA water uptake to assess SSA molecular composition and liquid water content. Efforts to speciate SSA organic material into molecular classes and specific molecules have led to the identification of saccharides, alkanes, free fatty acids, anionic surfactants, dicarboxylic acids, amino acids, proteinaceous matter, and other large macromolecules. However to date, less than 25% of the organic mass of nascent SSA has been quantified at a molecular level. As discussed here, quantitative measurements of size resolved elemental ratios, combined with determinations of water uptake properties, provides unique insight on the concentration of ions within SSA as a function of particle size, pointing to a controlling role for relative humidity and the hygroscopicity of SSA organic material at small particle diameters.

中文翻译:

海浪气溶胶的化学成分:用于实验室研究异质和多相反应的元素和分子模拟物

海浪气溶胶颗粒(SSA)是通过在海面破波而形成的,有助于在地球大气的偏远地区提高自然气溶胶颗粒的浓度,并改变气溶胶颗粒对地球辐射预算的直接和间接影响。此外,海水喷雾气雾剂可作为悬浮表面积,可催化微量气体反应。反复表明,与地表海洋相比,海浪气溶胶富含有机物质。有机物质的选择性富集使用于实验室或计算研究的SSA代表性分子模拟物的选择复杂化。在本文中,我们首先简要介绍了SSA的形成过程,并讨论了在污染的沿海地区和偏远的原始空气中发生的SSA的化学转化。然后,我们重点研究在受控实验室实验和现场调查中生成的新生SSA的化学成分的现有文献。我们将新生SSA的化学性质证据与SSA吸水量的文献测量结果结合起来,以评估SSA分子组成和液态水含量。将SSA有机材料分为分子类别和特定分子的努力已导致对糖类,烷烃,游离脂肪酸,阴离子表面活性剂,二元羧酸,氨基酸,蛋白质物质和其他大分子的鉴定。然而,迄今为止,在分子水平上,尚不足25%的新生SSA有机物被定量。如此处所述,对尺寸解析的元素比率进行定量测量,再结合对吸水率的测定,
更新日期:2018-02-16
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