A simple method to synthesise hexagonal lead sheets, which belong to the class of two-dimensional materials, is proposed. These objects are collected on a substrate located under two lead electrodes, between which nanosecond-pulsed spark discharges are ignited in liquid nitrogen. The hexagonal sheets are single crystals produced by gas phase condensation. Once nitrogen completely evaporates, the sheets change to PbO₂ by oxidation in air. The oxidation process induces stress that pleats the uppermost sheets or open cracks at the centre. The thickness of the individual objects typically varies from 4 to 20 nm. When the number of discharges is more than about 2000, in addition to sheets, two types of PbO₂ sticks start to form: bundles composed of nanosticks (length 5 μm and diameter 50 nm) and isolated sticks (length 20 μm and diameter 500 nm). These new nanostructures mainly form because of the way the discharge erodes the lead electrodes. Initially, anisotropic erosion driven by the orientation of the crystallographic planes of the lead crystals produces octahedra and nanosticks, and the nanosticks grow on the electrode surfaces as discharge proceeds. After about 2000 discharges, the nanosticks are sufficiently long that they can be easily broken, probably by mechanical stress, and they fall onto the underlying substrate.

提出了一种简单的合成六角形引线片的方法，该方法属于二维材料。这些物体收集在位于两个引线电极下面的基板上，在两个引线电极之间的液氮中点燃了纳秒级脉冲火花放电。六边形片是通过气相冷凝产生的单晶。氮完全蒸发后，片材会在空气中氧化而变成PbO ₂。氧化过程会产生应力，该应力使最上面的板材褶皱或在中心开裂。单个物体的厚度通常在4到20 nm之间变化。放电次数超过2000次时，除了片材以外，还有两种PbO ₂棒开始形成：由纳米棒（长5μm，直径50 nm）和孤立的棒（长20μm，直径500 nm）组成的束。这些新的纳米结构主要是由于放电腐蚀引线电极的方式形成的。最初，由铅晶体的晶面取向驱动的各向异性腐蚀产生八面体和纳米棒，并且随着放电的进行，纳米棒在电极表面上生长。放电约2000次后，纳米棒足够长，很容易被机械应力弄断，并掉落在下面的基底上。