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The effects of chronic acetaminophen exposure on the kidney, gill and liver in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Aquatic Toxicology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.02.007
Eugene Choi , Derek Alsop , Joanna Y. Wilson

In this study, we examined if rainbow trout chronically exposed to acetaminophen (10 and 30 μgL−1) showed histological changes that coincided with functional changes in the kidney, gill and liver. Histological changes in the kidney included movement and loss of nuclei, non-uniform nuclei size, non-uniform cytoplasmic staining, and loss of tubule integrity. Histological effects were more severe at the higher concentration and coincided with concentration dependent increases in urine flow rate and increased urinary concentrations of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, urea, ammonia, glucose, and protein. Yet, glomerular filtration rate was not altered with acetaminophen exposure. In the gill, filament end swelling, whole filament swelling, and swelling of the lamellae were observed in exposed fish. Lamellar spacing decreased in both exposure groups, but lamellar area decreased only with 30 μgL−1 exposure. At faster swimming speeds, oxygen consumption was limited in acetaminophen exposed fish, and critical swimming speed was also decreased in both exposure groups. The liver showed decreased perisinusoidal spaces at 10 and 30 μgL−1 acetaminophen, and decreased cytoplasmic vacuolation with 30 μgL−1 acetaminophen. A decrease in liver glycogen was also observed at 30 μgL−1. There was no change in plasma concentrations of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and glucose with exposure, suggesting compensation for urinary loss. Indeed, an increase in Na+-K+-ATPase activity in the gills was found with 30 μgL−1 acetaminophen exposure. Chronic exposure of rainbow trout to the environmentally relevant pharmaceutical acetaminophen, alters both histology and function of organs responsible for ion and nutrient homeostasis.



中文翻译:

长期对乙酰氨基酚暴露对虹鳟鱼(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的肾脏,g和肝脏的影响

在这项研究中,我们检查了虹鳟是否长期暴露于对乙酰氨基酚(10和30μgL -1)显示出与肾脏,g和肝脏功能变化相吻合的组织学变化。肾脏的组织学变化包括核的移动和丢失,核大小不均,胞浆染色不均以及肾小管完整性丧失。在较高的浓度下,组织学影响更为严重,并且与尿液流速的浓度依赖性增加以及尿液中钠,氯,钾,钙,尿素,氨,葡萄糖和蛋白质的浓度增加相关。然而,对乙酰氨基酚暴露不会改变肾小球滤过率。在exposed中,在裸露的鱼中观察到细丝末端肿胀,整个细丝肿胀和薄片状肿胀。在两个暴露组中,层间距均减小,但仅在30μgL -1时,层面积减小接触。在更快的游泳速度下,对乙酰氨基酚暴露的鱼的耗氧量受到限制,并且两个暴露组的临界游泳速度也降低了。示肝在10和30μgL降低窦周空间-1对乙酰氨基酚,并用30μgL降低细胞质空泡-1对乙酰氨基酚。在30μgL -1下也观察到肝糖原的减少。血浆钠,氯化物,钾,钙,镁和葡萄糖的浓度在暴露后无变化,提示对尿流失的补偿。实际上,发现with的Na + -K + -ATPase活性增加了30μgL -1对乙酰氨基酚暴露。虹鳟鱼长期与环境相关的对乙酰氨基酚接触,会改变负责离子和营养稳态的器官的组织学和功能。

更新日期:2018-02-15
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