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Conserved microRNA targeting reveals preexisting gene dosage sensitivities that shaped amniote sex chromosome evolution
Genome Research ( IF 7 ) Pub Date : 2018-04-01 , DOI: 10.1101/gr.230433.117
Sahin Naqvi , Daniel W. Bellott , Kathy S. Lin , David C. Page

Mammalian X and Y Chromosomes evolved from an ordinary autosomal pair. Genetic decay of the Y led to X Chromosome inactivation (XCI) in females, but some Y-linked genes were retained during the course of sex chromosome evolution, and many X-linked genes did not become subject to XCI. We reconstructed gene-by-gene dosage sensitivities on the ancestral autosomes through phylogenetic analysis of microRNA (miRNA) target sites and compared these preexisting characteristics to the current status of Y-linked and X-linked genes in mammals. Preexisting heterogeneities in dosage sensitivity, manifesting as differences in the extent of miRNA-mediated repression, predicted either the retention of a Y homolog or the acquisition of XCI following Y gene decay. Analogous heterogeneities among avian Z-linked genes predicted either the retention of a W homolog or gene-specific dosage compensation following W gene decay. Genome-wide analyses of human copy number variation indicate that these heterogeneities consisted of sensitivity to both increases and decreases in dosage. We propose a model of XY/ZW evolution incorporating such preexisting dosage sensitivities in determining the evolutionary fates of individual genes. Our findings thus provide a more complete view of the role of dosage sensitivity in shaping the mammalian and avian sex chromosomes and reveal an important role for post-transcriptional regulatory sequences (miRNA target sites) in sex chromosome evolution.



中文翻译:

保守的microRNA靶向揭示了预先存在的基因剂量敏感性,可影响羊膜性染色体的进化

哺乳动物X和Y染色体是从普通常染色体对进化而来的。Y的遗传衰减导致雌性X染色体失活(XCI),但是在性染色体进化过程中保留了一些Y连锁的基因,并且许多X连锁的基因并未成为XCI的对象。我们通过系统发育分析的microRNA(miRNA)目标位点,重建了祖先常染色体上的逐基因剂量敏感性,并将这些预先存在的特征与Y连锁和X连锁基因在哺乳动物中的当前状态进行了比较。剂量敏感性中先前存在的异质性,表现为miRNA介导的阻抑程度的差异,预示了Y同源物的保留或Y基因衰变后XCI的获得。禽类Z连锁基因之间的相似异质性预示了W基因衰变后W同源物的保留或基因特异性剂量补偿。人类拷贝数变异的全基因组分析表明,这些异质性包括对剂量增加和减少的敏感性。我们提出了一种XY / ZW进化模型,该模型在确定单个基因的进化命运时结合了这种预先存在的剂量敏感性。因此,我们的发现提供了剂量敏感性在塑造哺乳动物和鸟类性染色体中的作用的更完整视图,并揭示了转录后调控序列(miRNA目标位点)在性染色体进化中的重要作用。人类拷贝数变异的全基因组分析表明,这些异质性包括对剂量增加和减少的敏感性。我们提出了一种XY / ZW进化模型,该模型在确定单个基因的进化命运时将这种预先存在的剂量敏感性纳入其中。因此,我们的发现提供了剂量敏感性在塑造哺乳动物和鸟类性染色体中的作用的更完整视图,并揭示了转录后调控序列(miRNA目标位点)在性染色体进化中的重要作用。人类拷贝数变异的全基因组分析表明,这些异质性包括对剂量增加和减少的敏感性。我们提出了一种XY / ZW进化模型,该模型在确定单个基因的进化命运时将这种预先存在的剂量敏感性纳入其中。因此,我们的发现提供了剂量敏感性在塑造哺乳动物和鸟类性染色体中的作用的更完整视图,并揭示了转录后调控序列(miRNA目标位点)在性染色体进化中的重要作用。

更新日期:2018-04-02
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