Organelles of eukaryotic cells are structures made up of membranes, which carry out a majority of functions necessary for the surviving of the cell itself. Organelles also differentiate the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and are arranged to form different compartments guaranteeing the activities for which eukaryotic cells are programmed. Cell membranes, containing organelles, are isolated from cancer cells and erythrocytes and used to form biocompatible and long-circulating ghost nanoparticles delivering payloads or catalyzing enzymatic reactions as nanoreactors. In this attempt, red blood cell membranes were isolated from erythrocytes, and engineered to form nanoerythrosomes (NERs) of 150 nm. The horseradish peroxidase, used as an enzyme model, was loaded inside the aqueous compartment of NERs, and its catalytic reaction with Resorufin was monitored. The resulting nanoreactor protected the enzyme from proteolytic degradation, and potentiated the enzymatic reaction in situ as demonstrated by maximal velocity (Vmax) and Michaelis constant (Km), thus suggesting the high catalytic activity of nanoreactors compared to the pure enzymes.

中文翻译：

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基于细胞膜的纳米反应器，模仿细胞的生物分区策略。

真核细胞的细胞器是由膜组成的结构，其执行细胞自身生存所必需的大部分功能。细胞器还分化原核和真核细胞，并排列成形成不同的区室，从而保证了对真核细胞进行编程的活动。从癌细胞和红细胞中分离出含有细胞器的细胞膜，并用于形成生物相容性和长循环的幽灵纳米颗粒，以提供有效负载或催化酶反应作为纳米反应器。在这种尝试中，从红细胞中分离出红细胞膜，并对其进行工程改造以形成150 nm的纳米红体（NERs）。将辣根过氧化物酶（用作酶模型）装入NERs的水室中，并监测其与试卤灵的催化反应。产生的纳米反应器可保护酶免受蛋白水解降解，并通过最大速度（Vmax）和米氏常数（Km）证明原位增强酶促反应，因此表明纳米反应器与纯酶相比具有较高的催化活性。