This study assessed the effectiveness of penetrating (PCB; 190 psi; N = 363) and non-penetrating captive bolt guns (NPCB; 210–220 psi; N = 92) to stun a total of 455 cattle (Zebu and Zebu Cross). Physical bolt parameters (momentum, kinetic energy and energy density) were evaluated. Clinical indicators of brain function were recorded after stunning (GR), after being hoisted (HO) and at the bleeding rail (BL). Physical bolt parameters (bolt velocity, momentum, kinetic energy, energy density and sectional density) were significantly higher (P < 0.001) for PCB. The need for two or more shots was more frequent for NPCB (210–220 psi; 29% vs. 12%, P < 0.001). Cattle were more likely to collapse at first shot with PCB (190 psi; 99%) compared to NPCB (91%; P < 0.002) which can be attributed to the higher values of bolt physical parameters. Incidence of eyeball rotation (5% vs. 1%) and righting behaviour (7% vs. 1%) were higher (P < 0.001) for NPCB (210–220 psi) at GR than PCB. The NPCB with 210–220 psi had a higher frequency of response to nostril stimulation (2% vs. 0%; P < 0.001) than PCB. Rhythmic respiration was more frequently found for NPCB with 210–220 psi at GR, HO and BL. Therefore, PCB with 190 psi was more effective in ensuring unconsciousness in cattle.

这项研究评估了穿透（PCB; 190  psi ; N = 363）和非穿透系留式螺栓枪（NPCB; 210–220 psi ; N = 92）击晕总共455头牛（泽布和泽布克罗斯）的有效性 。评估了物理螺栓参数（动量，动能和能量密度）。在惊吓（GR），吊起（HO）和在出血轨（BL）时记录脑功能的临床指标。 PCB的物理螺栓参数（螺栓速度，动量，动能，能量密度和截面密度）明显更高（P <0.001）。NPCB（210-220 psi ; P分别为29％和12％）更加需要两次或两次以上的射击  <0.001）。与NPCB（91％; P  <0.002）相比，使用PCB（190 psi ; 99％）时牛更容易塌陷， 这可以归因于螺栓物理参数的较高值。在GR时 ，NPCB（210–220 psi）的眼球旋转发生率（5％vs. 1％）和矫正行为（7％vs. 1％）高于PCB （P <0.001）  。210-220 psi的NPCB 对鼻孔刺激的反应频率 高于PCB （2％比0％；P <0.001）。对于NPCB，在GR，HO和BL处有规律的呼吸频率更高，为210-220  psi。因此，190 psi的PCB 在确保牛昏迷方面更有效。