Electrode technology for electrophysiology has a long history of innovation, with some decisive steps including the development of the voltage-clamp measurement technique by Hodgkin and Huxley in the 1940s and the invention of the patch clamp electrode by Neher and Sakmann in the 1970s. The high-precision intracellular recording enabled by the patch clamp electrode has since been a gold standard in studying the fundamental cellular processes underlying the electrical activities of neurons and other excitable cells. One logical next step would then be to parallelize these intracellular electrodes, since simultaneous intracellular recording from a large number of cells will benefit the study of complex neuronal networks and will increase the throughput of electrophysiological screening from basic neurobiology laboratories to the pharmaceutical industry. Patch clamp electrodes, however, are not built for parallelization; as for now, only ∼10 patch measurements in parallel are possible.

中文翻译：

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优化纳米电极阵列可扩展的细胞内电生理学

用于电生理的电极技术具有悠久的创新历史，其中包括一些决定性的步骤，包括1940年代Hodgkin和Huxley的电压钳测量技术的发展以及1970年代Neher和Sakmann发明的膜片钳电极。自那以来，通过膜片钳电极实现的高精度细胞内记录一直是研究神经元和其他可兴奋细胞的电活动基础的基本细胞过程的金标准。逻辑上的下一步是将这些细胞内电极平行化，因为从大量细胞中同时进行细胞内记录将有益于复杂神经元网络的研究，并将增加从基本神经生物学实验室到制药行业的电生理筛选的通量。但是，膜片钳电极不是为并行而构建的。到目前为止，只能并行进行约10个补丁测量。