Stand-off laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (ST-LIBS) has developed into an excellent technology for remote analysis of geological samples. In this study, the rock classification capability of principal component analysis (PCA) was illustrated. The method of automatic spectral peaks identification with linear discriminant analysis (ASPI-LDA) was first applied for classification of rocks and compared with manual spectral peaks identification with linear discriminant analysis (MSPI-LDA). The spectra of rocks were obtained using Echelle and Czerny–Turner spectrometers at 5 m distance and the spectrum peaks were automatically and rapidly identified with ASPI-LDA, not manually identified one by one. The results suggested that MSPI-LDA outperformed PCA in classification performance and, the predictive classification accuracies were further significantly improved by ASPI-LDA with two spectrometers. Besides, the performances of two spectrometers were compared. The results showed that the ASPI-LDA algorithm remedied for the weakness of a compact Czerny–Turner spectrometer having a narrow spectral range to achieve high accuracy classification. Meanwhile, the compact spectrometer used for field detection in ST-LIBS was miniaturized and of lower cost. This indicates that ASPI-LDA combined with a compact spectrometer has a great potential for field in situ remote detection in ST-LIBS.

中文翻译：

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使用紧凑型分光计，利用偏距激光诱导击穿光谱技术对岩石进行原位分类

固定式激光诱导击穿光谱仪（ST-LIBS）已发展成为一种用于地质样品远程分析的出色技术。在这项研究中，说明了主成分分析（PCA）的岩石分类能力。线性判别分析的自动光谱峰识别方法（ASPI-LDA）首先用于岩石的分类，然后与线性判别分析的手工光谱峰识别方法（MSPI-LDA）进行了比较。岩石的光谱是使用Echelle和Czerny-Turner光谱仪在5 m的距离处获得的，并且使用ASPI-LDA可以自动快速识别光谱峰，而无需手动识别。结果表明，MSPI-LDA在分类性能方面优于PCA，并且 带有两个光谱仪的ASPI-LDA进一步显着提高了预测分类的准确性。此外，比较了两个光谱仪的性能。结果表明，ASPI-LDA算法弥补了紧凑的Czerny-Turner光谱仪的缺点，该光谱仪具有较窄的光谱范围，无法实现高精度分类。同时，ST-LIBS中用于现场检测的紧凑型光谱仪被小型化并且成本较低。这表明结合了紧凑型光谱仪的ASPI-LDA具有广阔的应用前景 结果表明，ASPI-LDA算法弥补了紧凑的Czerny-Turner光谱仪的缺点，该光谱仪具有较窄的光谱范围，无法实现高精度分类。同时，ST-LIBS中用于现场检测的紧凑型光谱仪被小型化并且成本较低。这表明结合了紧凑型光谱仪的ASPI-LDA具有广阔的应用前景 结果表明，ASPI-LDA算法弥补了紧凑的Czerny-Turner光谱仪的缺点，该光谱仪具有较窄的光谱范围，无法实现高精度分类。同时，ST-LIBS中用于现场检测的紧凑型光谱仪被小型化并且成本较低。这表明结合了紧凑型光谱仪的ASPI-LDA具有广阔的应用前景ST-LIBS中的原位远程检测。