Biofuel feedstock production can be a significant driver of landscape modification, ecosystem change and biodiversity loss. There is growing body of literature that shows how biofuel landscapes provide various ecosystem services (e.g., feedstock for fuel, carbon sequestration) and compromise other ecosystem services (e.g., food, freshwater services). These effects are context-specific and depend largely on prior land use conditions and feedstock production practices. Changes in the flow of ecosystem services due to the conversion of natural and agricultural areas can have ripple effects on human wellbeing. Despite some recent attempts to apply to biofuel settings concepts and methods rooted in the ecosystem services literature, this is the exception rather than the rule within both the biofuel and the ecosystem services research communities. This paper synthesizes the current knowledge about the impact of biofuels on ecosystem services. It focuses especially on the feedstock production phase and outlines the main mechanisms through which landscape conversion affects the provisions of ecosystem services. It proposes conceptually coherent indicators to reflect these mechanisms and offers a critical discussion of key issues at the interface of biofuels and ecosystem services.

生物燃料原料生产可能是景观改造，生态系统变化和生物多样性丧失的重要驱动力。越来越多的文献表明，生物燃料景观如何提供各种生态系统服务（例如，燃料，碳封存的原料）并损害其他生态系统服务（例如，食物，淡水服务）。这些影响是因地制宜的，并且在很大程度上取决于先前的土地使用条件和原料生产实践。由于自然和农业地区的转变而引起的生态系统服务流量的变化可能对人类福祉产生连锁反应。尽管最近有一些尝试将其应用于根植于生态系统服务文献中的生物燃料环境概念和方法，但这在生物燃料和生态系统服务研究社区中都是例外而不是规则。本文综合了有关生物燃料对生态系统服务影响的当前知识。它特别着重于原料生产阶段，并概述了景观转换影响生态系统服务提供的主要机制。它提出了概念上一致的指标来反映这些机制，并就生物燃料和生态系统服务之间的关键问题进行了重要的讨论。