Large-scale open cut mining has occurred within the Bowen Basin for over 4 decades, transitioning from shallow mining depths and limited spoil elevation to increased mining depths, prestripping and increasingly elevated mesa-like landforms. As a result of this evolution, the stabilisation of modern constructed landforms is no longer assured through the establishment of vegetation alone. The selection of resilient fragmental spoil types for the construction of final landform surfaces, and as cladding for stabilising steep erosive batters, is a practical methodology that has the potential to significantly improve rehabilitation outcomes, by increasing surface rock cover, roughness, and infiltration and reducing erodibility. An understanding of the properties and behaviour of individual spoil materials disturbed during mining is required. Relevant information from published literature on the geological origins, lithology, and weathering characteristics of individual strata within the Bowen Basin Coal Measures (and younger overlying weathered strata) has been reviewed, related to natural landforms and applied to the surface stability of major strata types when disturbed by mining. A spoil classification derived from geological characteristics and weathering behaviour of identifiable lithologic components has been reviewed and refined, demonstrating the application of use of geological information. This classification system is a tool for the allocation of spoil types and use of categories that have application in premine feasibility investigations, landform design, and material selection and placement. The logic of classifying materials based on their stability in the natural landscape has wider relevance to other mining areas where elevated landforms of sedimentary material are constructed.

中文翻译：

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自然地貌类比和基于地质学的泥土分类在提高澳大利亚博文盆地高地泥土地貌的表面稳定性中的应用 - 综述。

Bowen 盆地内进行了 4 多年的大规模露天开采，从浅采矿深度和有限的弃土高度过渡到增加采矿深度、预剥离和日益升高的台地状地貌。由于这种演变，现代建筑地貌的稳定不再仅通过植被的建立来保证。为最终地貌表面的建设选择有弹性的碎片弃土类型，并作为稳定陡峭侵蚀面层的覆层，是一种实用的方法，有可能通过增加地表岩石覆盖、粗糙度和渗透并减少可蚀性。需要了解在采矿过程中受到干扰的个别弃土材料的特性和行为。已发表文献中关于博文盆地煤系（以及较年轻的上覆风化地层）内单个地层的地质成因、岩性和风化特征的相关信息已经过审查，这些信息与自然地貌有关，并应用于主要地层类型的表面稳定性。受到采矿的干扰。对根据可识别岩性组分的地质特征和风化行为得出的弃土分类进行了审查和完善，展示了地质信息的应用。该分类系统是一种用于弃土类型分配和类别使用的工具，适用于矿前可行性调查、地形设计以及材料选择和放置。