Chemical interactions which occur at a heterogeneous interface between a gas and substrate are critical in many technological and natural processes. Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) is a powerful spectroscopy tool that is inherently surface sensitive, elemental and chemical specific, with the ability to probe sample surfaces in the presence of a gas phase. In this review, we discuss the evolution of lab-based AP-XPS instruments, from the first development by Siegbahn and coworkers up through modern day systems. A comprehensive overview is given of heterogeneous experiments investigated to date via lab-based AP-XPS along with the different instrumental metrics that affect the quality of sample probing. We conclude with a discussion of future directions for lab-based AP-XPS, highlighting the efficacy for this in-demand instrument to continue to expand in its ability to significantly advance our understanding of surface chemical processes under in situ conditions in a technologically multidisciplinary setting.

在许多技术和自然过程中，发生在气体和基质之间异质界面的化学相互作用至关重要。环境压力X射线光电子能谱（AP-XPS）是一种功能强大的光谱工具，具有固有的表面敏感性，元素和化学性质，能够在存在气相的情况下探测样品表面。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了基于实验室的AP-XPS仪器的发展，从Siegbahn及其同事的首次开发直到现代系统。通过基于实验室的AP-XPS对迄今为止进行的异构实验以及影响样品探测质量的不同仪器指标进行了全面概述。最后，我们讨论了基于实验室的AP-XPS的未来发展方向，在多学科技术环境下的现场条件。