Controlling shapes of polymer nanoparticles via single-step process is a challenge due to their amorphous chemical nature. Precise regulation of interfacial interactions, electrical charging and reaction dynamics during ongoing polymerization process provides an environment where uniform nucleation, growth and in situ assembling can be realized, and hence nanoparticles of complex shapes can be obtained. In this work, it is investigated how in situ assembling of the growing nanoparticles succeeds and specifically in different manners by using cationic, anionic, polyionic, and nonionic surface-active agents in a time-dependent blended form. Micelle of molecular surfactants leads the spheres, but long chained polyelectrolytes support in situ assembling of growing spheres to form the nonspherical polymer nanoparticles in order to minimize the surface energy of a system. Similarly, a nonionic polymer promotes the movement of growing species in solution and allows tunable aggregation-based growth which produces more complexed nanoparticles. Furthermore, the application of acid, base and salt solution also contribute specific effect where unexpected size and shape of nanoparticles can be obtained. Overall, the roles of limited polarizability, solvation power, mobility, ionic strength, pH, and microfluidics for the synthesis of various shape-controlled polymer nanoparticles are presented here.

中文翻译：

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用于聚合物纳米粒子形状控制的一步式原位组装路线

由于其无定形的化学性质，通过一步法控制聚合物纳米颗粒的形状是一个挑战。正在进行的聚合过程中界面相互作用，电荷和反应动力学的精确调节提供了可以实现均匀成核，生长和原位组装的环境，因此可以获得复杂形状的纳米粒子。在这项工作中，研究了通过以时间依赖的混合形式使用阳离子，阴离子，聚离子和非离子表面活性剂，如何成功地并特别是以不同的方式原位组装正在生长的纳米颗粒。分子表面活性剂胶束引领领域，但是长链聚电解质支持生长中球体的原位组装，以形成非球形聚合物纳米颗粒，从而最大程度地降低系统的表面能。类似地，非离子聚合物促进溶液中生长物种的运动，并允许基于可调节聚集的生长，从而产生更复杂的纳米颗粒。此外，酸，碱和盐溶液的应用还可以产生特定效果，从而可以得到意想不到的尺寸和形状的纳米颗粒。总的来说，在这里介绍了有限的极化率，溶剂化能力，迁移率，离子强度，pH和微流体在合成各种形状受控的聚合物纳米颗粒中的作用。非离子聚合物可促进溶液中生长物种的移动，并允许基于可调节聚集的生长，从而产生更复杂的纳米颗粒。此外，酸，碱和盐溶液的应用还可以产生特定效果，从而可以得到意想不到的尺寸和形状的纳米颗粒。总的来说，在这里介绍了有限的极化率，溶剂化能力，迁移率，离子强度，pH和微流体在合成各种形状受控的聚合物纳米颗粒中的作用。非离子聚合物可促进溶液中生长物种的移动，并允许基于可调节聚集的生长，从而产生更复杂的纳米颗粒。此外，酸，碱和盐溶液的应用还可以产生特定效果，从而可以得到意想不到的尺寸和形状的纳米颗粒。总的来说，在这里介绍了有限的极化率，溶剂化能力，迁移率，离子强度，pH和微流体在合成各种形状受控的聚合物纳米颗粒中的作用。