Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging class of porous materials with potential applications in gas storage, separations, catalysis, and chemical sensing. Despite numerous advantages, applications of many MOFs are ultimately limited by their stability under harsh conditions. Herein, the recent advances in the field of stable MOFs, covering the fundamental mechanisms of MOF stability, design, and synthesis of stable MOF architectures, and their latest applications are reviewed. First, key factors that affect MOF stability under certain chemical environments are introduced to guide the design of robust structures. This is followed by a short review of synthetic strategies of stable MOFs including modulated synthesis and postsynthetic modifications. Based on the fundamentals of MOF stability, stable MOFs are classified into two categories: high‐valency metal–carboxylate frameworks and low‐valency metal–azolate frameworks. Along this line, some representative stable MOFs are introduced, their structures are described, and their properties are briefly discussed. The expanded applications of stable MOFs in Lewis/Brønsted acid catalysis, redox catalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, gas storage, and sensing are highlighted. Overall, this review is expected to guide the design of stable MOFs by providing insights into existing structures, which could lead to the discovery and development of more advanced functional materials.

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稳定的金属有机框架：设计，合成和应用

金属有机框架（MOF）是一类新兴的多孔材料，在气体存储，分离，催化和化学传感方面具有潜在的应用前景。尽管有许多优点，但许多MOF的应用最终仍受到其在恶劣条件下的稳定性的限制。本文中，对稳定MOF领域的最新进展进行了综述，涵盖了MOF稳定性的基本机制，稳定MOF体系结构的设计和合成及其最新应用。首先，介绍了在某些化学环境下影响MOF稳定性的关键因素，以指导稳健结构的设计。接下来是对稳定MOF合成策略的简短回顾，包括调制合成和合成后修饰。根据MOF稳定性的基本原理，稳定的MOF分为两类：高价金属-羧酸盐骨架和低价金属-硝酸盐骨架。沿着这条路线，介绍了一些代表性的稳定MOF，描述了它们的结构，并简要讨论了它们的特性。强调了稳定MOF在Lewis /Brønsted酸催化，氧化还原催化，光催化，电催化，气体存储和传感中的广泛应用。总体而言，通过提供对现有结构的见解，有望通过本综述来指导稳定的MOF的设计，这可能会导致发现和开发更高级的功能材料。强调了稳定MOF在Lewis /Brønsted酸催化，氧化还原催化，光催化，电催化，气体存储和传感中的广泛应用。总体而言，通过提供对现有结构的见解，有望通过本综述来指导稳定MOF的设计，这可能会导致发现和开发更先进的功能材料。强调了稳定MOF在Lewis /Brønsted酸催化，氧化还原催化，光催化，电催化，气体存储和传感中的广泛应用。总体而言，通过提供对现有结构的见解，有望通过本综述来指导稳定MOF的设计，这可能会导致发现和开发更先进的功能材料。