It is well established that Africa is undergoing rapid transitions resulting in a triple burden of malnutrition, infectious diseases, and non-communicable diseases (NCDs).^1,2 That health systems are unlikely to be able to cope with this burden is also widely noted.^1,2 What is less often discussed outside academic circles is the degree to which infectious diseases and malnutrition in Africa are exacerbating the burden of NCDs, and the implications of this exacerbation for individuals and populations.

中文翻译：

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非洲健康和疾病的发展起源-影响早期生活

众所周知，非洲正在经历迅速的转型，造成营养不良，传染病和非传染性疾病（NCD）的三重负担。^1,2人们也普遍注意到卫生系统不太可能应付这种负担。^1,2在学术界之外很少讨论的是非洲的传染病和营养不良加剧非传染性疾病负担的程度，以及这种恶化对个人和人群的影响。