Late blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating disease in potato. For sustainable management of this economically important disease, resistance breeding relies on the availability of resistance (R) genes. Such R genes against P. infestans have evolved in wild tuber-bearing Solanum species from North, Central and South America, upon co-evolution with cognate avirulence (Avr) genes. Here, we report how effectoromics screens with Avr2 of P. infestans revealed defense responses in diverse Solanum species that are native to Mexico and Peru. We found that the response to AVR2 in the Mexican Solanum species is mediated by R genes of the R2 family that resides on a major late blight locus on chromosome IV. In contrast, the response to AVR2 in Peruvian Solanum species is mediated by Rpi-mcq1, which resides on chromosome IX and does not belong to the R2 family. The data indicate that AVR2 recognition has evolved independently on two genetic loci in Mexican and Peruvian Solanum species, respectively. Detached leaf tests on potato cultivar ‘Désirée’ transformed with R genes from either the R2 or the Rpi-mcq1 locus revealed an overlapping, but distinct resistance profile to a panel of 18 diverse P. infestans isolates. The achieved insights in the molecular R – Avr gene interaction can lead to more educated exploitation of R genes and maximize the potential of generating more broad-spectrum, and potentially more durable control of the late blight disease in potato.

由卵菌病原体疫霉疫霉引起的晚疫病是马铃薯中最具破坏性的疾病。为了对这种具有重要经济意义的疾病进行可持续管理，抗性育种取决于抗性（R）基因的可用性。在与同源无毒力（Avr）基因共同进化后，这种针对致病疫霉的R基因已经在来自北美，中美洲和南美洲的带有野生块茎的茄属物种中进化。在这里，我们报告effectoromics与屏幕如何AVR2的晚疫病菌在不同显露防御反应茄原产于墨西哥和秘鲁的物种。我们发现墨西哥茄属物种对AVR2的反应是由位于染色体IV主要晚疫病基因座上的R2家族的R基因介导的。相反，秘鲁茄属物种对AVR2的反应是由Rpi-mcq1介导的，Rpi-mcq1位于IX号染色体上，不属于R2家族。数据表明，AVR2识别分别在墨西哥和秘鲁茄属物种的两个遗传基因座上独立发展。用R2或R2基因的R基因转化的马铃薯'Désirée'的离体叶片试验。Rpi-mcq1基因座揭示了对一组18种不同的致病疫霉菌分离株的重叠但截然不同的抗药性。在分子R – Avr基因相互作用中获得的见识可以导致对R基因的更受教育的利用，并最大化产生更广谱的潜力，并可能更持久地控制马铃薯晚疫病。