We prepared 3 kinds of Li⁺‐doped BaTiO₃ ceramics by the solid‐state reaction method: (i) (Ba_1−xLi_x)TiO_3−x/2 having A‐site Li⁺, (ii) Ba(Ti_1−xLi_x)O_3−3x/2 having B‐site Li⁺, and (iii) x/2 Li₂CO₃+BaTiO₃ mixed one, for which we investigated the stable site of Li. The density of all prepared ceramics is above 95%. The results show that the lattice structure, the grain size, and the electric properties of Li⁺‐doped BaTiO₃ ceramics are dependent on Li⁺ site. According to the increase in Li content, the cell volume of Ba_1−xLi_xTiO_3−x/2 decreases, but that of BaTi_1−xLi_xO_3−3x/2 increases. That of x/2Li₂CO₃+BaTiO₃ decreases by the small addition of Li, but increases by the large addition of Li. All Li⁺‐doped ceramics show antiferroelectric‐like double hysteresis loops. The shape of loops and the dielectric properties are also dependent on the Li site. We suggest that the role of oxygen vacancy accompanied by the Li‐doping is important. By comparison with the results of 3 type ceramics, it is concluded that at x/2Li₂CO₃+BaTiO₃ ceramics, the Li⁺ prefers to favorably substitute Ba²⁺ at A site for the low concentration of Li but its location was changed to Ti⁴⁺ site for the high concentration of Li.

中文翻译：

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掺杂锂的BaTiO3陶瓷的铁电性能

我们通过固相反应方法制备了三种掺杂Li ^+的BaTiO ₃陶瓷：（i）具有A位Li ^+的（Ba _{1- x} Li _x）TiO _{3-x / 2}，（ii）Ba（Ti）具有B位Li ^+的（_{1- x} Li _x）O _{3-3x / 2}和（iii）x / 2 Li ₂ CO ₃ + BaTiO ₃混合在一起，我们研究了Li的稳定位点。所有制备的陶瓷的密度均高于95％。结果表明，Li ⁺掺杂的BaTiO ₃的晶格结构，晶粒尺寸和电学性质陶瓷取决于Li ^+的位置。随着Li含量的增加，Ba _{1- x} Li _x TiO _{3-x / 2}的晶胞体积减小，而_{BaTi 1- x} Li _x O _{3-3x / 2的晶胞体积}增大。x / 2Li ₂ CO ₃ + BaTiO _3的含量通过少量添加Li而降低，但是通过大量添加Li而增加。所有李⁺掺杂陶瓷显示出类似反铁电的双磁滞回线。回路的形状和介电性能也取决于Li位点。我们建议氧空位伴随锂掺杂的作用很重要。通过与3种陶瓷的比较，可以得出结论：在x / 2Li ₂ CO ₃ + BaTiO ₃陶瓷中，由于Li的浓度低，Li ⁺倾向于优先替代A位的Ba ²⁺，但是位置发生了变化。到Ti ⁴⁺位置，以获得高浓度的Li。