Owing to the increase in the usage of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs), their release into the aquatic environment is inevitable. In the aquatic ecosystem, TiO₂ NPs can bio-magnify at various trophic levels in the food chain through dietary exposure. In the current study, the trophic transfer potential of two crystalline phases of TiO_2, anatase and rutile nanoparticles (individual as well as a binary mixture) has been evaluated in the lake water matrix using algae–daphnia system. Chlorella sp. and Ceriodaphnia dubia were used as test organisms to represent the algae–daphnia food chain of the freshwater ecosystem. Other than crystallinity, the effect of irradiation (visible and UV-A) was also investigated at the test concentrations, 75, 300, and 1200 μM. TiO₂ NPs treated algal diet produced significant mortality only at the test concentrations, 300 and 1200 μM. The type of irradiation and crystallinity doesn’t have any impact on the mortality of daphnids through the dietary exposure of TiO₂ NPs. Comparing the mixture with individual NPs, binary mixture induced less mortality on C. dubia which signifies the antagonistic effect of NPs when they coexist. Statistical modeling confirmed the antagonistic effect of the binary mixture on C. dubia. As individual NPs, anatase and rutile forms showed a maximum Ti accumulation under UV-A and visible irradiation, respectively. BMF of TiO₂ NPs has been in validation with the bioaccumulation noted in C. dubia. Individual NPs (75 μM) showed higher BMF value of ∼23 under both UV-A (anatase) and visible (rutile) irradiation. Individual NPs showing higher BMF confirmed their trophic transfer potential in the aquatic food chain, primarily through the diet. In contrast, the binary mixture obtained a higher BMF of 1.9 and 0.79 at 75 and 300 μM under visible and UV-A irradiation, respectively. The plausible reason behind this decrement was the antagonistic effect of the mixture which significantly reduced their Ti bioaccumulation on C. dubia.

由于二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TiO ₂ NPs）的使用增加，将其释放到水生环境中是不可避免的。在水生生态系统中，通过饮食摄入，TiO ₂ NP可以在食物链中的各种营养水平上进行生物放大。在当前的研究中，已经使用藻类-水蚤系统评估了TiO _2，锐钛矿和金红石型纳米颗粒（单独以及二元混合物）两个晶相的营养转移势。小球藻藻。和杜鹃用作测试生物来代表淡水生态系统的藻类—水蚤食物链。除结晶度外，还测试了在75、300和1200μM的测试浓度下的辐照效果（可见光和UV-A）。TiO ₂ NPs处理的藻类饮食仅在测试浓度300和1200μM时才产生明显的死亡率。通过饮食中的TiO ₂ NPs的照射类型和结晶度对水蚤的死亡率没有任何影响。将混合物与单个NP进行比较，二元混合物对C. dubia的致死率更低，这表明NP共存时具有拮抗作用。统计模型证实了二元混合物对杜氏假丝酵母的拮抗作用。作为单个NP，锐钛矿和金红石形式分别在UV-A和可见光照射下显示出最大的Ti积累。TiO ₂ NPs的BMF已被验证，并在C. dubia中指出了生物蓄积性。单个NP（75μM）在UV-A（锐钛矿）和可见（金红石）照射下均显示出较高的BMF值〜23。表现出较高BMF的单个NPs主要通过饮食证实了其在水生食物链中的营养转移潜力。相反，二元混合物在可见光和UV-A照射下分别在75和300μM下获得了1.9和0.79的更高BMF。这种减少背后的合理原因是混合物的拮抗作用，该混合物显着降低了其对胫骨梭菌的生物积累。