Zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnO NM) have been used in a large number of applications due to their interesting physicochemical properties. However, the increasing use of ZnO NM has led to concerns regarding their environmental impacts. In this study, the acute and chronic toxicity of ZnO nanorods (NR) bare (ZnONR) and amine-functionalized ([email protected]) toward the freshwater microcrustacean Daphnia magna was evaluated. The ZnO NR were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X–Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the zeta potential and hydrodynamic diameter (HD). The acute EC50_(48h) values for D. magna revealed that the [email protected] were more toxic than the ZnONR. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in both NM. Regarding the chronic toxicity, the [email protected] were again found to be more toxic than the ZnONR toward D. magna. An effect on longevity was observed for ZnONR, while [email protected] affected the reproduction, growth and longevity. In the multigenerational recovery test, we observed that maternal exposure can affect the offspring even when these organisms are not directly exposed to the ZnO NR.

氧化锌纳米材料（ZnO NM）由于其有趣的物理化学特性而已被用于许多应用中。但是，ZnO NM的使用日益增加，引起了对其环境影响的担忧。在这项研究中，评估了ZnO纳米棒（NR）裸露（ZnONR）和胺官能化（[电子邮件保护]）对淡水微甲壳类水蚤（Daphnia magna）的急性和慢性毒性。ZnO NR的特征是通过透射电子显微镜（TEM），X射线衍射（XRD），傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）以及zeta电位和流体动力学直径（HD）来表征。D. magna的急性EC50 _（48h）值揭示[受电子邮件保护]比ZnONR具有更高的毒性。在两个NM中均观察到活性氧（ROS）的产生。关于慢性毒性，所述[电子邮件保护]，再次发现为比ZnONR朝向更具毒性D.蚤。观察到ZnONR对寿命有影响，而[受电子邮件保护]影响繁殖，生长和寿命。在多代恢复测试中，我们观察到母体接触会影响后代，即使这些生物没有直接接触ZnO NR。