Phototherapies including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have gained considerable attention due to their high tumor ablation efficiency, excellent spatial resolution and minimal side effects on normal tissue. In contrast to inorganic nanoparticles, near-infrared (NIR) absorbing organic nanoparticles bypass the issue of metal-ion induced toxicity and thus are generally considered to be more biocompatible. Moreover, with the guidance of different kinds of imaging methods, the efficacy of cancer phototherapy based on organic nanoparticles has shown to be optimizable. In this review, we summarize the synthesis and application of NIR-absorbing organic nanoparticles as phototherapeutic nanoagents for cancer phototherapy. The chemistry, optical properties and therapeutic efficacies of organic nanoparticles are firstly described. Their phototherapy applications are then surveyed in terms of therapeutic modalities, which include PTT, PDT and PTT/PDT combined therapy. Finally, the present challenges and potential of imaging guided PTT/PDT are discussed.

中文翻译：

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近红外有机光热和光动力纳米治疗学的发展新进展†

包括光热疗法（PTT）和光动力疗法（PDT）在内的光疗法因其高的肿瘤消融效率，出色的空间分辨率以及对正常组织的副作用而受到了广泛的关注。与无机纳米颗粒相比，吸收近红外（NIR）的有机纳米颗粒绕过了金属离子诱导的毒性问题，因此通常被认为具有更高的生物相容性。而且，在不同种类的成像方法的指导下，基于有机纳米颗粒的癌症光疗的功效已被证明是可优化的。在这篇综述中，我们总结了吸收近红外光谱的有机纳米颗粒作为用于癌症光疗的光疗纳米剂的合成和应用。首先描述了有机纳米粒子的化学，光学性质和治疗效果。然后根据治疗方式对他们的光疗应用进行了调查，其中包括PTT，PDT和PTT / PDT联合治疗。最后，讨论了成像引导PTT / PDT的当前挑战和潜力。