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In This Issue Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
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The nonexistence of a paddlewheel effect in superionic conductors Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 KyuJung Jun, Byungju Lee, Ronald L. Kam, Gerbrand Ceder
Since the 1980s, the paddlewheel effect has been suggested as a mechanism to boost lithium-ion diffusion in inorganic materials via the rotation of rotor-like anion groups. However, it remains unclear whether the paddlewheel effect, defined as large-angle anion group rotations assisting Li hopping, indeed exists; furthermore, the physical mechanism by which the anion-group dynamics affect lithium-ion
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Brain-inspired computing with fluidic iontronic nanochannels Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Tim M. Kamsma, Jaehyun Kim, Kyungjun Kim, Willem Q. Boon, Cristian Spitoni, Jungyul Park, René van Roij
The brain’s remarkable and efficient information processing capability is driving research into brain-inspired (neuromorphic) computing paradigms. Artificial aqueous ion channels are emerging as an exciting platform for neuromorphic computing, representing a departure from conventional solid-state devices by directly mimicking the brain’s fluidic ion transport. Supported by a quantitative theoretical
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Experimental evidence for defect tolerance in Pb-halide perovskites Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Naga Prathibha Jasti, Igal Levine, Yishay (Isai) Feldman, Gary Hodes, Sigalit Aharon, David Cahen
The term defect tolerance (DT) is used often to rationalize the exceptional optoelectronic properties of halide perovskites (HaPs) and their devices. Even though DT lacked direct experimental evidence, it became a “fact” in the field. DT in semiconductors implies that structural defects do not translate to electrical and optical effects (e.g., due to charge trapping), associated with such defects.
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Structural and functional reorganization of inhibitory synapses by activity-dependent cleavage of neuroligin-2 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Na Xu, Ran Cao, Si-Yu Chen, Xu-Zhuo Gou, Bin Wang, Hong-Mei Luo, Feng Gao, Ai-Hui Tang
Recent evidence has demonstrated that the transsynaptic nanoscale organization of synaptic proteins plays a crucial role in regulating synaptic strength in excitatory synapses. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this transsynaptic nanostructure in inhibitory synapses still remains unclear and its impact on synapse function in physiological or pathological contexts has not been demonstrated
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PARP1 UFMylation ensures the stability of stalled replication forks Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Yamin Gong, Zhifeng Wang, Wen Zong, Ruifeng Shi, Wenli Sun, Sijia Wang, Bin Peng, Shunichi Takeda, Zhao-Qi Wang, Xingzhi Xu
The S-phase checkpoint involving CHK1 is essential for fork stability in response to fork stalling. PARP1 acts as a sensor of replication stress and is required for CHK1 activation. However, it is unclear how the activity of PARP1 is regulated. Here, we found that UFMylation is required for the efficient activation of CHK1 by UFMylating PARP1 at K548 during replication stress. Inactivation of UFL1
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Evolution of homologous recombination rates across bacteria Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Ellis L. Torrance, Corey Burton, Awa Diop, Louis-Marie Bobay
Bacteria are nonsexual organisms but are capable of exchanging DNA at diverse degrees through homologous recombination. Intriguingly, the rates of recombination vary immensely across lineages where some species have been described as purely clonal and others as “quasi-sexual.” However, estimating recombination rates has proven a difficult endeavor and estimates often vary substantially across studies
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The fatty liver disease–causing protein PNPLA3-I148M alters lipid droplet–Golgi dynamics Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 David J. Sherman, Lei Liu, Jennifer L. Mamrosh, Jiansong Xie, John Ferbas, Brett Lomenick, Mark S. Ladinsky, Rati Verma, Ingrid C. Rulifson, Raymond J. Deshaies
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a progressive metabolic disorder that begins with aberrant triglyceride accumulation in the liver and can lead to cirrhosis and cancer. A common variant in the gene PNPLA3 , encoding the protein PNPLA3-I148M, is the strongest known genetic risk factor for MASLD. Despite its discovery
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Liver cancer development driven by the AP-1/c-Jun~Fra-2 dimer through c-Myc Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Latifa Bakiri, Sebastian C. Hasenfuss, Ana Guío-Carrión, Martin K. Thomsen, Peter Hasselblatt, Erwin F. Wagner
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. HCC incidence is on the rise, while treatment options remain limited. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in HCC development has become a priority to guide future therapies. While previous studies implicated the Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) (Fos/Jun) transcription factor family members c-Fos and c-Jun
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SHP2 regulates GluA2 tyrosine phosphorylation required for AMPA receptor endocytosis and mGluR-LTD Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Sanghyeon Lee, Jungho Kim, Hyun-Hee Ryu, Hanbyul Jang, DoEun Lee, Seungha Lee, Jae-man Song, Yong-Seok Lee, Young Ho Suh
Posttranslational modifications regulate the properties and abundance of synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors that mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. During long-term depression (LTD), protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) dephosphorylate tyrosine residues in the C-terminal tail of AMPA receptor
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Class IIa HDAC4 and HDAC7 cooperatively regulate gene transcription in Th17 cell differentiation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Ka Lung Cheung, Li Zhao, Rajal Sharma, Anurupa Abhijit Ghosh, Michael Appiah, Yifei Sun, Anbalagan Jaganathan, Yuan Hu, Alannah LeJeune, Feihong Xu, Xinye Han, Xueting Wang, Fan Zhang, Chunyan Ren, Martin J. Walsh, Huabao Xiong, Alexander Tsankov, Ming-Ming Zhou
Class II histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important in regulation of gene transcription during T cell development. However, our understanding of their cell-specific functions is limited. In this study, we reveal that class IIa Hdac4 and Hdac7 (Hdac4/7) are selectively induced in transcription, guiding the lineage-specific differentiation of mouse T-helper 17 (Th17) cells from naive CD4 + T cells. Importantly
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HYPK: A marginally disordered protein sensitive to charge decoration Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Arash Firouzbakht, Austin Haider, Kari Gaalswyk, Sepehr Alaeen, Kingshuk Ghosh, Martin Gruebele
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) that lie close to the empirical boundary separating IDPs and folded proteins in Uversky’s charge–hydropathy plot may behave as “marginal IDPs” and sensitively switch conformation upon changes in environment (temperature, crowding, and charge screening), sequence, or both. In our search for such a marginal IDP, we selected Huntingtin-interacting protein K (HYPK)
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Different states of synaptic vesicle priming explain target cell type–dependent differences in neurotransmitter release Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Mohammad Aldahabi, Erwin Neher, Zoltan Nusser
Pronounced differences in neurotransmitter release from a given presynaptic neuron, depending on the synaptic target, are among the most intriguing features of cortical networks. Hippocampal pyramidal cells (PCs) release glutamate with low probability to somatostatin expressing oriens-lacunosum-moleculare (O-LM) interneurons (INs), and the postsynaptic responses show robust short-term facilitation
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Senolytic and senomorphic agent procyanidin C1 alleviates structural and functional decline in the aged retina Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Yidan Liu, Xiuxing Liu, Xuhao Chen, Zhenlan Yang, Jianqi Chen, Weining Zhu, Yangyang Li, Yuwen Wen, Caibin Deng, Chenyang Gu, Jianjie Lv, Rong Ju, Yehong Zhuo, Wenru Su
Increased cellular senescence burden contributes in part to age-related organ dysfunction and pathologies. In our study, using mouse models of natural aging, we observed structural and functional decline in the aged retina, which was accompanied by the accumulation of senescent cells and senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors. We further validated the senolytic and senomorphic properties
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Identification of the potassium-binding site in serotonin transporter Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Eva Hellsberg, Danila Boytsov, Qingyang Chen, Marco Niello, Michael Freissmuth, Gary Rudnick, Yuan-Wei Zhang, Walter Sandtner, Lucy R. Forrest
Clearance of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) from the synaptic cleft after neuronal signaling is mediated by serotonin transporter (SERT), which couples this process to the movement of a Na + ion down its chemical gradient. After release of 5-HT and Na + into the cytoplasm, the transporter faces a rate-limiting challenge of resetting its conformation to be primed again for 5-HT and Na + binding
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The political fallout of air pollution Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Luna Bellani, Stefano Ceolotto, Benjamin Elsner, Nico Pestel
This paper studies the effect of air pollution on voting outcomes. We use data from 60 federal and state elections in Germany from 2000 to 2018 and exploit plausibly exogenous fluctuations in ambient air pollution within counties across election dates. Higher air pollution on election day shifts votes away from incumbent parties and toward opposition parties. An increase in the concentration of particulate
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c-di-AMP determines the hierarchical organization of bacterial RCK proteins Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Rita Rocha, João M. P. Jorge, Celso M. Teixeira-Duarte, Inês R. Figueiredo-Costa, Tatiana B. Cereija, Paula F. Ferreira-Teixeira, Christina Herzberg, Jörg Stülke, João H. Morais-Cabral
In bacteria, intracellular K + is involved in the regulation of membrane potential, cytosolic pH, and cell turgor as well as in spore germination, environmental adaptation, cell-to-cell communication in biofilms, antibiotic sensitivity, and infectivity. The second messenger cyclic-di-AMP (c-di-AMP) has a central role in modulating the intracellular K + concentration in many bacterial species, controlling
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Low-latency gravitational wave alert products and their performance at the time of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Sushant Sharma Chaudhary, Andrew Toivonen, Gaurav Waratkar, Geoffrey Mo, Deep Chatterjee, Sarah Antier, Patrick Brockill, Michael W. Coughlin, Reed Essick, Shaon Ghosh, Soichiro Morisaki, Pratyusava Baral, Amanda Baylor, Naresh Adhikari, Patrick Brady, Gareth Cabourn Davies, Tito Dal Canton, Marco Cavaglia, Jolien Creighton, Sunil Choudhary, Yu-Kuang Chu, Patrick Clearwater, Luke Davis, Thomas Dent
Multimessenger searches for binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers are currently one of the most exciting areas of astronomy. The search for joint electromagnetic and neutrino counterparts to gravitational wave (GW)s has resumed with ALIGO’s, AdVirgo’s and KAGRA’s fourth observing run (O4). To support this effort, public semiautomated data products are sent in near real-time
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Maximum entropy determination of mammalian proteome dynamics Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Alexander J. Dear, Gonzalo A. Garcia, Georg Meisl, Galen A. Collins, Tuomas P. J. Knowles, Alfred L. Goldberg
Full understanding of proteostasis and energy utilization in cells will require knowledge of the fraction of cell proteins being degraded with different half-lives and their rates of synthesis. We therefore developed a method to determine such information that combines mathematical analysis of protein degradation kinetics obtained in pulse–chase experiments with Bayesian data fitting using the maximum
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Plasmid partitioning driven by collective migration of ParA between nucleoid lobes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Robin Köhler, Seán M. Murray
The ParABS system is crucial for the faithful segregation and inheritance of many bacterial chromosomes and low-copy-number plasmids. However, despite extensive research, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the ATPase ParA and its connection to the dynamics and positioning of the ParB-coated cargo have remained unclear. In this study, we utilize high-throughput imaging, quantitative data analysis, and computational
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Decorin suppresses tumor lymphangiogenesis: A mechanism to curtail cancer progression Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Dipon K. Mondal, Christopher Xie, Gabriel J. Pascal, Simone Buraschi, Renato V. Iozzo
The complex interplay between malignant cells and the cellular and molecular components of the tumor stroma is a key aspect of cancer growth and development. These tumor–host interactions are often affected by soluble bioactive molecules such as proteoglycans. Decorin, an archetypical small leucine-rich proteoglycan primarily expressed by stromal cells, affects cancer growth in its soluble form by
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Organ-delimited gene regulatory networks provide high accuracy in candidate transcription factor selection across diverse processes Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Rajeev Ranjan, Sonali Srijan, Somaiah Balekuttira, Tina Agarwal, Melissa Ramey, Madison Dobbins, Rachel Kuhn, Xiaojin Wang, Karen Hudson, Ying Li, Kranthi Varala
Organ-specific gene expression datasets that include hundreds to thousands of experiments allow the reconstruction of organ-level gene regulatory networks (GRNs). However, creating such datasets is greatly hampered by the requirements of extensive and tedious manual curation. Here, we trained a supervised classification model that can accurately classify the organ-of-origin for a plant transcriptome
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Out-of-equilibrium interactions and collective locomotion of colloidal spheres with squirming of nematoelastic multipoles Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Bohdan Senyuk, Jin-Sheng Wu, Ivan I. Smalyukh
Many living and artificial systems show similar emergent behavior and collective motions on different scales, starting from swarms of bacteria to synthetic active particles, herds of mammals, and crowds of people. What all these systems often have in common is that new collective properties like flocking emerge from interactions between individual self-propelled or driven units. Such systems are naturally
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A mammalian tripartite enhancer cluster controls hypothalamic Pomc expression, food intake, and body weight Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Daniela Rojo, Clara E. Hael, Agustina Soria, Flávio S. J. de Souza, Malcolm J. Low, Lucía F. Franchini, Marcelo Rubinstein
Food intake and energy balance are tightly regulated by a group of hypothalamic arcuate neurons expressing the proopiomelanocortin ( POMC) gene. In mammals, arcuate-specific POMC expression is driven by two cis -acting transcriptional enhancers known as nPE1 and nPE2. Because mutant mice lacking these two enhancers still showed hypothalamic Pomc mRNA, we searched for additional elements contributing
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Thermodynamic crossovers in supercritical fluids Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Xinyang Li, Yuliang Jin
Can liquid-like and gas-like states be distinguished beyond the critical point, where the liquid–gas phase transition no longer exists and conventionally only a single supercritical fluid phase is defined? Recent experiments and simulations report strong evidence of dynamical crossovers above the critical temperature and pressure. Despite using different criteria, many existing theoretical explanations
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Photomolecular effect: Visible light interaction with air–water interface Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Guangxin Lv, Yaodong Tu, James H. Zhang, Gang Chen
Although water is almost transparent to visible light, we demonstrate that the air–water interface interacts strongly with visible light via what we hypothesize as the photomolecular effect. In this effect, transverse-magnetic polarized photons cleave off water clusters from the air–water interface. We use 14 different experiments to demonstrate the existence of this effect and its dependence on the
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The scaffolding protein AKAP12 regulates mRNA localization and translation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Madeleine R. Smith, Parisa Naeli, Seyed M. Jafarnejad, Guilherme Costa
Regulation of subcellular messenger (m)RNA localization is a fundamental biological mechanism, which adds a spatial dimension to the diverse layers of post-transcriptional control of gene expression. The cellular compartment in which mRNAs are located may define distinct aspects of the encoded proteins, ranging from production rate and complex formation to localized activity. Despite the detailed roles
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PML::RARA and GATA2 proteins interact via DNA templates to induce aberrant self-renewal in mouse and human hematopoietic cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Casey D. S. Katerndahl, Olivia R. S. Rogers, Ryan B. Day, Ziheng Xu, Nichole M. Helton, Sai Mukund Ramakrishnan, Christopher A. Miller, Timothy J. Ley
The underlying mechanism(s) by which the PML::RARA fusion protein initiates acute promyelocytic leukemia is not yet clear. We defined the genomic binding sites of PML::RARA in primary mouse and human hematopoietic progenitor cells with V5-tagged PML::RARA, using anti-V5-PML::RARA chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and CUT&RUN approaches. Most genomic PML::RARA binding sites were found in regions
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Mortality and morbidity ramifications of proposed retractions in healthcare coverage for the United States Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Abhishek Pandey, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, Burton H. Singer, Alison P. Galvani
In the absence of universal healthcare in the United States, federal programs of Medicaid and Medicare are vital to providing healthcare coverage for low-income households and elderly individuals, respectively. However, both programs are under threat, with either enacted or proposed retractions. Specifically, raising Medicare age eligibility and the addition of work requirements for Medicaid qualification
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Observation of negative surface and interface energies of quantum dots Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Jason J. Calvin, Amanda S. Brewer, Michelle F. Crook, Tierni M. Kaufman, A. Paul Alivisatos
Surface energy is a fundamental property of materials and is particularly important in describing nanomaterials where atoms or molecules at the surface constitute a large fraction of the material. Traditionally, surface energy is considered to be a positive quantity, where atoms or molecules at the surface are less thermodynamically stable than their counterparts in the interior of the material because
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Single-molecule tracking reveals dual front door/back door inhibition of Cel7A cellulase by its product cellobiose Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Daguan Nong, Zachary K. Haviland, Nerya Zexer, Sarah A. Pfaff, Daniel J. Cosgrove, Ming Tien, Charles T. Anderson, William O. Hancock
Degrading cellulose is a key step in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass into bioethanol. Cellobiose, the disaccharide product of cellulose degradation, has been shown to inhibit cellulase activity, but the mechanisms underlying product inhibition are not clear. We combined single-molecule imaging and biochemical investigations with the goal of revealing the mechanism by which cellobiose inhibits
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Protein engineering a PhotoRNR chimera based on a unifying evolutionary apparatus among the natural classes of ribonucleotide reductases Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 David Y. Song, JoAnne Stubbe, Daniel G. Nocera
Ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) are essential enzymes that catalyze the de novo transformation of nucleoside 5′-di(tri)phosphates [ND(T)Ps, where N is A, U, C, or G] to their corresponding deoxynucleotides. Despite the diversity of factors required for function and the low sequence conservation across RNRs, a unifying apparatus consolidating RNR activity is explored. We combine aspects of the protein
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Predicting resilience of migratory birds to environmental change Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Simeon Lisovski, Bethany J. Hoye, Jesse R. Conklin, Phil F. Battley, Richard A. Fuller, Ken B. Gosbell, Marcel Klaassen, Chengfa Benjamin Lee, Nicholas J. Murray, Silke Bauer
The pace and scale of environmental change represent major challenges to many organisms. Animals that move long distances, such as migratory birds, are especially vulnerable to change since they need chains of intact habitat along their migratory routes. Estimating the resilience of such species to environmental changes assists in targeting conservation efforts. We developed a migration modeling framework
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Single-chain fluorescent integrators for mapping G-protein-coupled receptor agonists Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Kayla Kroning, Noam Gannot, Xingyu Li, Aubrey Putansu, Guanwei Zhou, Jennifer Sescil, Jiaqi Shen, Avery Wilson, Hailey Fiel, Peng Li, Wenjing Wang
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce the effects of many neuromodulators including dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, acetylcholine, and opioids. The localization of synthetic or endogenous GPCR agonists impacts their action on specific neuronal pathways. In this paper, we show a series of single-protein chain integrator sensors that are highly modular and could potentially be used to determine
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Sustainable, low-cost, high-contrast electrochromic displays via host–guest interactions Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Yuyang Wang, Chuxin Lei, Weixin Guan, Wen Shi, Ruipeng Shen, Sean Xiao-An Zhang, Guihua Yu
Electrochromic (EC) displays with electronically regulating the transmittance of solar radiation offer the opportunity to increase the energy efficiency of the building and electronic products and improve the comfort and lifestyle of people. Despite the unique merit and vast application potential of EC technologies, long-awaited EC windows and related visual content displays have not been fully commercialized
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Chaotic neural dynamics facilitate probabilistic computations through sampling Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Yu Terada, Taro Toyoizumi
Cortical neurons exhibit highly variable responses over trials and time. Theoretical works posit that this variability arises potentially from chaotic network dynamics of recurrently connected neurons. Here, we demonstrate that chaotic neural dynamics, formed through synaptic learning, allow networks to perform sensory cue integration in a sampling-based implementation. We show that the emergent chaotic
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Impact of electric vehicle charging demand on power distribution grid congestion Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Yanning Li, Alan Jenn
California, a pioneer in EV adoption, has enacted ambitious electric vehicle (EV) policies that will generate a large burden on the state’s electric distribution system. We investigate the statewide impact of uncontrolled EV charging on the electric distribution networks at a large scale and high granularity, by employing an EV charging profile projection that combines travel demand model, EV adoption
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Massive seasonal high-altitude migrations of nocturnal insects above the agricultural plains of East China Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Jianrong Huang, Hongqiang Feng, V. Alistair Drake, Don R. Reynolds, Boya Gao, Fajun Chen, Guoyan Zhang, Junsheng Zhu, Yuebo Gao, Baoping Zhai, Guoping Li, Caihong Tian, Bo Huang, Gao Hu, Jason W. Chapman
Long-distance migrations of insects contribute to ecosystem functioning but also have important economic impacts when the migrants are pests or provide ecosystem services. We combined radar monitoring, aerial sampling, and searchlight trapping, to quantify the annual pattern of nocturnal insect migration above the densely populated agricultural lands of East China. A total of ~9.3 trillion nocturnal
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Shifting fire regimes cause continent-wide transformation of threatened species habitat Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Tim S. Doherty, Kristina J. Macdonald, Dale G. Nimmo, Julianna L. Santos, William L. Geary
Human actions are causing widespread increases in fire size, frequency, and severity in diverse ecosystems globally. This alteration of fire regimes is considered a threat to numerous animal species, but empirical evidence of how fire regimes are shifting within both threatened species’ ranges and protected areas is scarce, particularly at large spatial and temporal scales. We used a big data approach
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The first peoples of the Atacama Desert lived among the trees: A 11,600- to 11,200-year-old grove and congregation site Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Paula C. Ugalde, Delphine Joly, Claudio Latorre, Eugenia M. Gayo, Rafael Labarca, Mikhaela Simunovic, Virginia McRostie, Vance T. Holliday, Jay Quade, Calogero M. Santoro
In deserts, water has been singled out as the most important factor for choosing where to settle, but trees were likely an important part of the landscape for hunter-gatherers beyond merely constituting an economic resource. Yet, this critical aspect has not been considered archaeologically. Here, we present the results of mapping and radiocarbon dating of a truly unique archaeological record. Over
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Body mass index–dependent shifts along large-scale gradients in human cortical organization explain dietary regulatory success Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Rémi Janet, Jonathan Smallwood, Cendri A. Hutcherson, Hilke Plassmann, Bronte Mckeown, Anita Tusche
Making healthy dietary choices is essential for keeping weight within a normal range. Yet many people struggle with dietary self-control despite good intentions. What distinguishes neural processing in those who succeed or fail to implement healthy eating goals? Does this vary by weight status? To examine these questions, we utilized an analytical framework of gradients that characterize systematic
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Impact of repeated blast exposure on active-duty United States Special Operations Forces Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Natalie Gilmore, Chieh-En J. Tseng, Chiara Maffei, Samantha L. Tromly, Katryna B. Deary, Isabella R. McKinney, Jessica N. Kelemen, Brian C. Healy, Collin G. Hu, Gabriel Ramos-Llordén, Maryam Masood, Ryan J. Cali, Jennifer Guo, Heather G. Belanger, Eveline F. Yao, Timothy Baxter, Bruce Fischl, Andrea S. Foulkes, Jonathan R. Polimeni, Bruce R. Rosen, Daniel P. Perl, Jacob M. Hooker, Nicole R. Zürcher
United States (US) Special Operations Forces (SOF) are frequently exposed to explosive blasts in training and combat, but the effects of repeated blast exposure (RBE) on SOF brain health are incompletely understood. Furthermore, there is no diagnostic test to detect brain injury from RBE. As a result, SOF personnel may experience cognitive, physical, and psychological symptoms for which the cause is
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Sirt2 inhibition improves gut epithelial barrier integrity and protects mice from colitis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Dan Hou, Tao Yu, Xuan Lu, Jun Young Hong, Min Yang, Yanlin Zi, Thanh Tu Ho, Hening Lin
Sirt2 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + )-dependent protein lysine deacylase that can remove both acetyl group and long-chain fatty acyl groups from lysine residues of many proteins. It was reported to affect inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms in a mouse model. However, conflicting roles were reported, with genetic knockout aggravating while pharmacological inhibition alleviating
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Individual transcription factors modulate both the micromovement of chromatin and its long-range structure Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Haitham A. Shaban, Elias T. Friman, Cédric Deluz, Armelle Tollenaere, Natalya Katanayeva, David M. Suter
The control of eukaryotic gene expression is intimately connected to highly dynamic chromatin structures. Gene regulation relies on activator and repressor transcription factors (TFs) that induce local chromatin opening and closing. However, it is unclear how nucleus-wide chromatin organization responds dynamically to the activity of specific TFs. Here, we examined how two TFs with opposite effects
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Exacerbated atherosclerosis in progeria is prevented by progerin elimination in vascular smooth muscle cells but not endothelial cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Ignacio Benedicto, Rosa M. Carmona, Ana Barettino, Carla Espinós-Estévez, Pilar Gonzalo, Rosa M. Nevado, Miguel de la Fuente-Pérez, María J. Andrés-Manzano, Cristina González-Gómez, Loïc Rolas, Beatriz Dorado, Sussan Nourshargh, Magda R. Hamczyk, Vicente Andrés
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare disease caused by the expression of progerin, a mutant protein that accelerates aging and precipitates death. Given that atherosclerosis complications are the main cause of death in progeria, here, we investigated whether progerin-induced atherosclerosis is prevented in HGPSrev-Cdh5-CreERT2 and HGPSrev-SM22α-Cre mice with progerin suppression in
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Changes in well-being among socially isolated older people during the COVID-19 pandemic: An outcome-wide analysis Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Claryn S. J. Kung, Andrew Steptoe
Older adults experienced major changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing restrictions, and it might be expected that those who were already socially isolated before the pandemic were particularly vulnerable. We apply an outcome-wide longitudinal design on 4,636 participants (mean age 66.8 y) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, observed in 2018/19 and early (June/July 2020) and later
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Evolutionarily conserved neural responses to affective touch in monkeys transcend consciousness and change with age Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Joey A. Charbonneau, Anthony C. Santistevan, Erika P. Raven, Jeffrey L. Bennett, Brian E. Russ, Eliza Bliss-Moreau
Affective touch—a slow, gentle, and pleasant form of touch—activates a different neural network than which is activated during discriminative touch in humans. Affective touch perception is enabled by specialized low-threshold mechanoreceptors in the skin with unmyelinated fibers called C tactile (CT) afferents. These CT afferents are conserved across mammalian species, including macaque monkeys. However
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Mapping seasonal migration in a songbird hybrid zone -- heritability, genetic correlations, and genomic patterns linked to speciation Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Hannah C. Justen, Wendy E. Easton, Kira E. Delmore
Seasonal migration is a widespread behavior relevant for adaptation and speciation, yet knowledge of its genetic basis is limited. We leveraged advances in tracking and sequencing technologies to bridge this gap in a well-characterized hybrid zone between songbirds that differ in migratory behavior. Migration requires the coordinated action of many traits, including orientation, timing, and wing morphology
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Evolution of system connectivity to support food production in the Indus Basin in Pakistan Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Afreen Siddiqi, James L. Wescoat, Noelle E. Selin
Sustainability challenges related to food production arise from multiple nature-society interactions occurring over long time periods. Traditional methods of quantitative analysis do not represent long-term changes in the networks of system components, including institutions and knowledge that affect system behavior. Here, we develop an approach to study system structure and evolution by combining
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Time-modulated near-field radiative heat transfer Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Renwen Yu, Shanhui Fan
Near-field radiative heat transfer has recently attracted increasing interests for its applications in energy technologies, such as thermophotovoltaics. Existing works, however, are restricted to time-independent systems. Here, we explore near-field radiative heat transfer between two bodies under time modulation by developing a rigorous fluctuational electrodynamics formalism. We demonstrate that
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Quantization avoids saddle points in distributed optimization Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Yanan Bo, Yongqiang Wang
Distributed nonconvex optimization underpins key functionalities of numerous distributed systems, ranging from power systems, smart buildings, cooperative robots, vehicle networks to sensor networks. Recently, it has also merged as a promising solution to handle the enormous growth in data and model sizes in deep learning. A fundamental problem in distributed nonconvex optimization is avoiding convergence
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Observation of magnetic amplification using dark spins Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Min Jiang, Ying Huang, Chang Guo, Haowen Su, Yuanhong Wang, Xinhua Peng, Dmitry Budker
Quantum amplification enables the enhancement of weak signals and is of great importance for precision measurements, such as biomedical science and tests of fundamental symmetries. Here, we observe a previously unexplored magnetic amplification using dark noble-gas nuclear spins in the absence of pump light. Such dark spins exhibit remarkable coherence lasting up to 6 min and the resilience against
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Quantum network utility: A framework for benchmarking quantum networks Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Yuan Lee, Wenhan Dai, Don Towsley, Dirk Englund
The central aim of quantum networks is to facilitate user connectivity via quantum channels, but there is an open need for benchmarking metrics to compare diverse quantum networks. Here, we propose a general framework for quantifying the performance of a quantum network by estimating the value created by connecting users through quantum channels. In this framework, we define the quantum network utility
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AI model disgorgement: Methods and choices Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Alessandro Achille, Michael Kearns, Carson Klingenberg, Stefano Soatto
Over the past few years, machine learning models have significantly increased in size and complexity, especially in the area of generative AI such as large language models. These models require massive amounts of data and compute capacity to train, to the extent that concerns over the training data (such as protected or private content) cannot be practically addressed by retraining the model “from
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Developing a predictive science of the biosphere requires the integration of scientific cultures Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Brian J. Enquist, Christopher P. Kempes, Geoffrey B. West
Increasing the speed of scientific progress is urgently needed to address the many challenges associated with the biosphere in the Anthropocene. Consequently, the critical question becomes: How can science most rapidly progress to address large, complex global problems? We suggest that the lag in the development of a more predictive science of the biosphere is not only because the biosphere is so much
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PurA is the main target of aurodox, a type III secretion system inhibitor Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Yoshihiro Watanabe, Takeshi Haneda, Aoi Kimishima, Asaomi Kuwae, Takuya Suga, Takahiro Suzuki, Yoshiharu Iwabuchi, Masako Honsho, Sota Honma, Masato Iwatsuki, Hidehito Matsui, Hideaki Hanaki, Naoki Kanoh, Akio Abe, Yukihiro Asami, Satoshi Ōmura
Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to global health. The continual battle between the emergence of AMR and the development of drugs will be extremely difficult to stop as long as traditional anti-biotic approaches are taken. In order to overcome this impasse, we here focused on the type III secretion system (T3SS), which is highly conserved in many Gram-negative pathogenic
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Transient social–ecological dynamics reveal signals of decoupling in a highly disturbed Anthropocene landscape Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Qi Lin, Ke Zhang, Charline Giguet-Covex, Fabien Arnaud, Suzanne McGowan, Ludovic Gielly, Eric Capo, Shixin Huang, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Ji Shen, John A. Dearing, Michael E. Meadows
Understanding the transient dynamics of interlinked social–ecological systems (SES) is imperative for assessing sustainability in the Anthropocene. However, how to identify critical transitions in real-world SES remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we present an evolutionary framework to characterize these dynamics over an extended historical timeline. Our approach leverages multidecadal
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Functional specialization of hippocampal somatostatin-expressing interneurons Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Simon Chamberland, Gariel Grant, Robert Machold, Erica R. Nebet, Guoling Tian, Joshua Stich, Monica Hanani, Klas Kullander, Richard W. Tsien
Hippocampal somatostatin-expressing ( Sst ) GABAergic interneurons (INs) exhibit considerable anatomical and functional heterogeneity. Recent single-cell transcriptome analyses have provided a comprehensive Sst -IN subpopulations census, a plausible molecular ground truth of neuronal identity whose links to specific functionality remain incomplete. Here, we designed an approach to identify and access
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Congruence modules in higher codimension and zeta lines in Galois cohomology Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Srikanth B. Iyengar, Chandrashekhar B. Khare, Jeffrey Manning, Eric Urban
This article builds on recent work of the first three authors where a notion of congruence modules in higher codimension is introduced. The main results are a criterion for detecting regularity of local rings in terms of congruence modules, and a more refined version of a result tracking the change of congruence modules under deformation. Number theoretic applications include the construction of canonical
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Correction for Schlütz et al., Isotopes prove advanced, integral crop production, and stockbreeding strategies nourished Trypillia mega-populations Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 11.1) Pub Date : 2024-04-18
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.