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Glucocerebrosidase and Parkinson Disease: Molecular, Clinical, and Therapeutic Implications
The Neuroscientist ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2018-02-04 , DOI: 10.1177/1073858417748875
Roberta Balestrino 1 , Anthony H. V. Schapira 2
Affiliation  

Parkinson disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterised by multiple motor and non-motor symptoms. In the last 20 years, more than 20 genes have been identified as causes of parkinsonism. Following the observation of higher risk of PD in patients affected by Gaucher disease, a lysosomal disorder caused by mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene, it was discovered that mutations in this gene constitute the single largest risk factor for development of idiopathic PD. Patients with PD and GBA mutations are clinically indistinguishable from patients with idiopathic PD, although some characteristics emerge depending on the specific mutation, such as slightly earlier onset. The molecular mechanisms which lead to this increased PD risk in GBA mutation carriers are multiple and not yet fully elucidated, they include alpha-synuclein aggregation, lysosomal-autophagy dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Moreover, dysfunction of glucocerebrosidase has also been demonstrated in non-GBA PD, suggesting its interaction with other pathogenic mechanisms. Therefore, GBA enzyme function represents an interesting pharmacological target for PD. Cell and animal models suggest that increasing GBA enzyme activity can reduce alpha-synuclein levels. Clinical trials of ambroxol, a glucocerebrosidase chaperone, are currently ongoing in PD and PD dementia, as is a trial of substrate reduction therapy. The aim of this review is to summarise the main features of GBA-PD and discuss the implications of glucocerebrosidase modulation on PD pathogenesis.



中文翻译:

葡萄糖脑苷脂酶和帕金森病:分子,临床和治疗意义。

帕金森病(PD)是一种复杂的神经退行性疾病,其特征在于多种运动和非运动症状。在过去的20年中,已经确定了20多个基因是帕金森氏症的病因。在观察到Gaucher病(一种由葡萄糖脑神经苷酶(GBA)基因突变引起的溶酶体疾病)患者的PD风险较高后,发现该基因中的突变构成了特发性PD发生的最大危险因素。尽管具有某些特征,具体取决于特定的突变,例如稍早的发作,但是具有PD和GBA突变的患者在临床上与特发性PD的患者没有区别。导致GBA突变携带者发生PD风险增加的分子机制是多种的,尚未完全阐明,它们包括α-突触核蛋白聚集,溶酶体自噬功能障碍和内质网应激。而且,在非GBA PD中也已经证实了葡萄糖脑苷脂酶的功能异常,表明其与其他致病机制的相互作用。因此,GBA酶功能代表了PD的一个有趣的药理学靶标。细胞和动物模型表明,增加GBA酶活性可以降低α-突触核蛋白水平。PD和PD痴呆症中正在进行氨溴索,一种葡萄糖脑苷脂酶伴侣的临床试验,以及底物减少疗法的试验。这篇综述的目的是总结GBA-PD的主要特征,并讨论葡萄糖脑苷脂酶调节对PD发病的影响。葡糖脑苷脂酶的功能障碍也已在非GBA PD中证实,表明其与其他致病机制的相互作用。因此,GBA酶功能代表了PD的一个有趣的药理学靶标。细胞和动物模型表明,增加GBA酶活性可以降低α-突触核蛋白水平。PD和PD痴呆症中正在进行氨溴索,一种葡萄糖脑苷脂酶伴侣的临床试验,以及底物减少疗法的试验。这篇综述的目的是总结GBA-PD的主要特征,并讨论葡萄糖脑苷脂酶调节对PD发病的影响。葡糖脑苷脂酶的功能障碍也已在非GBA PD中证实,表明其与其他致病机制的相互作用。因此,GBA酶功能代表了PD的一个有趣的药理学靶标。细胞和动物模型表明,增加GBA酶活性可以降低α-突触核蛋白水平。PD和PD痴呆症中正在进行氨溴索,一种葡萄糖脑苷脂酶伴侣的临床试验,以及底物减少疗法的试验。这篇综述的目的是总结GBA-PD的主要特征,并讨论葡萄糖脑苷脂酶调节对PD发病的影响。细胞和动物模型表明,增加GBA酶活性可以降低α-突触核蛋白水平。PD和PD痴呆症中正在进行氨溴索,一种葡萄糖脑苷脂酶伴侣的临床试验,以及底物减少疗法的试验。这篇综述的目的是总结GBA-PD的主要特征,并讨论葡萄糖脑苷脂酶调节对PD发病的影响。细胞和动物模型表明,增加GBA酶活性可以降低α-突触核蛋白水平。PD和PD痴呆症中正在进行氨溴索,一种葡萄糖脑苷脂酶伴侣的临床试验,以及底物减少疗法的试验。这篇综述的目的是总结GBA-PD的主要特征,并讨论葡萄糖脑苷脂酶调节对PD发病的影响。

更新日期:2018-02-04
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