Abstract This paper presents an historical perspective on the interaction between conservation science and policy. Drawing on a synthesis of studies of the history of conservation, and combining this with work in science policy and related fields, it considers the implications of a shift, beginning in the 1960s, in the politics of expertise. Before that time, scientific evidence and interpretations were usually discussed within restricted arenas of experts and policymakers. After the 1960s, they instead increasingly became matters of public debate. This shift had several consequences for conservation. It encouraged scientists and other advocates to present conservation as a strictly scientific matter, that was based on authoritative, quantitative and transparent – and therefore publically defensible – processes. Conservation science itself evolved to emphasize spatial concepts and practices that could provide the basis for rule-based, replicable procedures for determining conservation priorities. This account therefore illustrates the insights to be gained from reconsidering the history of conservation in terms of our understanding of the evolving status and social roles of expertise.

中文翻译：

---

科学与保护：自然和政治景观的历史

摘要 本文提出了保护科学与政策相互作用的历史视角。综合保护历史研究，并将其与科学政策和相关领域的工作相结合，它考虑了从 1960 年代开始的专业政治转变的影响。在此之前，科学证据和解释通常在专家和决策者的有限领域内进行讨论。1960 年代之后，它们反而越来越成为公众辩论的话题。这种转变对保护产生了几个后果。它鼓励科学家和其他倡导者将保护视为一项严格的科学问题，这是基于权威、定量和透明的——因此是公开辩护的——过程。保护科学本身演变为强调空间概念和实践，这些概念和实践可以为确定保护优先事项的基于规则的、可复制的程序提供基础。因此，这个说明说明了从我们对专业知识的演变状态和社会角色的理解方面重新考虑保护历史所获得的见解。