Polymer nanocomposites have attracted great scientific and industrial interests in recent decades because of their unique properties emerging from the combination of polymer and inorganic nanomaterial. The construction of polymer nanocomposites into hierarchical nanostructures via self-assembly strategies offer great advantages in creating functional materials with advanced properties for biomedical applications. This review covers recent progresses in the self-assembled polymer nanocomposites and their biomedical applications. We firstly briefly discuss some common methods for the self-assembly of polymer nanocomposites. Then, the latest achievements are highlighted in developing biointerface controlling cell behaviors, biosensors for diagnosis, drug vehicles and wound dressings. Without a doubt, polymer nanocomposite self-assemblies have become potential candidates in the development of practical biomedical devices.

聚合物纳米复合材料由于其独特的性能（由于聚合物和无机纳米材料的结合而产生）在近几十年来引起了极大的科学和工业兴趣。通过自组装策略将聚合物纳米复合材料构造成分层纳米结构，在为生物医学应用创建具有先进性能的功能材料方面提供了巨大优势。这篇综述涵盖了自组装聚合物纳米复合材料及其生物医学应用的最新进展。我们首先简要讨论聚合物纳米复合材料自组装的一些常用方法。然后，在开发控制细胞行为的生物界面，用于诊断的生物传感器，毒品车辆和伤口敷料。毫无疑问，聚合物纳米复合材料自组装已成为开发实际生物医学设备的潜在候选者。