The advent of human brain imaging technologies during the 1970s, such as computed axial tomography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, triggered a dramatic increase in progress in the exploration of human brain anatomy and function. Prior to the development of such technologies, human brain exploration, particularly in healthy individuals, was limited and relied primarily on technologies such as two-dimensional X-rays and electroencephalograms. The real catalysts driving an exponential growth in human brain exploration were the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the late 1970s and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the early 1990s; these techniques also revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of most brain diseases. The continued development of MRI scanning and analysis techniques, particularly over the past decade, has allowed far more rigorous scientific exploration of the human brain. For example, it is now possible to noninvasively explore subtle changes in regional brain anatomy, evoked and resting changes in neural activity, regional biochemistry, and even functional and anatomical connectivity between various brain regions in living humans.

中文翻译：

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对人脑干和脊髓的急性和慢性疼痛进行成像

1970年代，人类大脑成像技术的出现，例如计算机轴向断层扫描，正电子发射断层扫描和磁共振成像，引发了人类大脑解剖结构和功能探索的巨大进步。在开发这种技术之前，人脑探索，特别是在健康个体中的探索是有限的，并且主要依赖于诸如二维X射线和脑电图之类的技术。促使人脑探索呈指数增长的真正催化剂是1970年代后期的磁共振成像（MRI）和1990年代初的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的发展。这些技术也彻底改变了大多数脑部疾病的诊断和治疗方法。MRI扫描和分析技术的不断发展，特别是在过去的十年中，已经允许对人类大脑进行更严格的科学探索。例如，现在可以非侵入性地探索区域大脑解剖结构的细微变化，诱发的神经活动，区域生物化学的静止变化，甚至是活着的人类各个大脑区域之间的功能和解剖学连通性。